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- Råstam, Maria, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Eating Problems and Overlap with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Nationwide Twin Study of 9- and 12-Year-Old Children.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X .- 2356-6140.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To establish the prevalence of restrictive eating problems, the overlap and association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to estimate the heritability of eating problems in a general population sample of twins aged 9 and 12. Methods. Parents of all Swedish 9- and 12-year-old twin pairs born between 1993 and 1998 (n = 12,366) were interviewed regarding symptoms of ADHD, ASD, and eating problems (EAT-P). Intraclass correlations and structural equation modelling were used for evaluating the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Cross-twin, cross-trait correlations were used to indicate a possible overlap between conditions. Results. The prevalence of eating problems was 0.6% in the study population and was significantly higher in children with ADHD and/or ASD. Among children with eating problems, 40% were screened positive for ADHD and/or ASD. Social interaction problems were strongly associated with EAT-P in girls, and impulsivity and activity problems with EAT-P in boys. The cross-twin, cross-trait correlations suggested low correlations between EAT-P and ADHD or EAT-P and ASD. Genetic effects accounted for 44% of the variation in liability for eating problems. Conclusions. In the group with eating problems, there was a clear overrepresentation of individuals with ADHD and/or ASD symptoms.
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| 2. |
- Århem, Kaj, 1948
(författare)
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Comment (on Fausto: Feasting on people)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current Anthropology. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0011-3204 .- 1537-5382. ; 48:4 (August)
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fausto’s article provides a useful synthesis of important aspects of indigenous Amazonian animism. It can be read as an explication (or a reformulation?) of certain themes in Viveiros de Castro’s (1998a) landmark paper on Amerindian perspectivism (the “somatic” form of animism), a paper which, I believe, has still more to yield for students of animistic ontologies. I only regret that Fausto did not develop his comparative discussion more fully. The parallels and contrasts between the Americas and Asia are, as he notes, many and significant. The transformation of the “Sibero-American animistic tradition” into a Southeast Asian variety would seem to me to be of considerable theoretical and comparative interest.
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| 4. |
- Dmytryshyn, Andrii, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Symmetric matrix pencils : codimension counts and the solution of a pair of matrix equations
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra. - : University of Wyoming Libraries. - 1537-9582 .- 1081-3810. ; 27, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The set of all solutions to the homogeneous system of matrix equations (X-T A + AX, X-T B + BX) = (0, 0), where (A, B) is a pair of symmetric matrices of the same size, is characterized. In addition, the codimension of the orbit of (A, B) under congruence is calculated. This paper is a natural continuation of the article [A. Dmytryshyn, B. Kagstrom, and V. V. Sergeichuk. Skew-symmetric matrix pencils: Codimension counts and the solution of a pair of matrix equations. Linear Algebra Appl., 438:3375-3396, 2013.], where the corresponding problems for skew-symmetric matrix pencils are solved. The new results will be useful in the development of the stratification theory for orbits of symmetric matrix pencils.
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| 7. |
- Höglund Carlsson, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Coexisting disorders and problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2013, s. 213979-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To analyze cooccurring disorders and problems in a representative group of 198 preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who had had interventions at a specialized habilitation center.Methods. Parents and children were seen by a research team. Data were based on parental interviews, pediatric assessments, and tests of the child. Information on autistic symptoms, general cognitive function, speech and language, motor function, epilepsy, vision, hearing, activity level, behavior, and sleep was collected.Results. Three ASD categories were used: (1) autistic disorder (AD), (2) autistic-like condition (ALC) or Asperger syndrome, and (3) one group with autistic symptoms/traits but not entirely all its criteria met for ASD. Children with autism had a mean of 3.2 coexisting disorders or problems, the ALC/Asperger group had a mean of 1.6, and children with autistic traits had a mean of 1.6. The most common disorder/problems in the total group pertained to language problems (78%), intellectual disability (ID) (49%), below average motor function (37%), and severe hyperactivity/ADHD (33%).Conclusions. The results accord with the concept of early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examination (ESSENCE), and highlight the need of considering ASD in a broad perspective taking also other cooccurring developmental disorders into account.
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| 8. |
- Ling, Johan, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Maritime Mode of Production Raiding and Trading in Seafaring Chiefdoms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Anthropology. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0011-3204 .- 1537-5382. ; 59:5, s. 488-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As exemplified by Viking and Bronze Age societies in northern Europe, we model the political dynamics of raiding, trading, and slaving as a maritime mode of production. It includes political strategies to control trade by owning boats and financing excursions, thus permitting chiefs to channel wealth flows and establish decentralized, expansive political networks. Such political institutions often form at the edges of world systems, where chieftains support mobile warriors who were instrumental in seizing and protecting wealth. Particular properties of the maritime mode of production as relevant to Scandinavia are the fusion of agropastoral and maritime modes of production. To exemplify these two sectors, we use the Thy and Tanum cases in which we have been involved in long-term archaeological research. The historic Viking society provides specificity to model the ancestral political society of Bronze Age Scandinavia. Our model helps understand an alternative path to institutional formation in decentralized chiefdoms with low population densities, mobile warriors, and long-distance trading and raiding in valuables, weapons, and slaves.
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| 9. |
- Lundholm-Hedvall, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Autism, Processing Speed, and Adaptive Functioning in Preschool Children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To study cognitive test profiles with a focus on processing speed in a representative group of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and relate processing speed to adaptive functioning. Methods. Cognitive assessments were performed in 190 3.6–6.6-year-old children (164 boys and 26 girls) with ASD, using either Griffiths' developmental scales ( ) or the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III) ( ). Cognitive data were related to adaptive functioning as measured by Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Results. Cognitive profiles were characterized by low verbal skills. Low processing speed quotients (PSQs) were found in 66 (78%) of the 85 children who were able to participate in the processing speed subtests. Except for Socialization, all VABS domains (Communication, Motor Skills, Daily Living Skills, and Adaptive Behavior Composite scores) correlated significantly with PSQ. Multiple regression analysis showed that PSQ predicted 38%, 35%, 34%, and 37% of the variance for Communication, Daily Living Skills, Motor Skills, and total Adaptive Composite scores, respectively. Conclusion. Preschool children with ASD had uneven cognitive profiles with low verbal skills, and, relatively, even lower PSQs. Except for Socialization, adaptive functioning was predicted to a considerable degree by PSQ.
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