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| 2. |
- Tryding, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Subcutaneous and intranasal administration of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin in the assessment of renal concentration capacity
- 1987
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-2766 .- 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 45:1, s. 27-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maximum urine concentration capacity was studied in healthy adults using different routes and doses of administration of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) - desmopressin. Plasma levels of DDAVP showed a dose-dependent increase after the subcutaneous but not after the intranasal administration. The effect on urine osmolality was similar but more prolonged after the subcutaneous as compared to the intranasal route. We conclude that subcutaneous injection is a simple and reliable way of administering DDAVP. A dose of 4 μg in adults is optimum diagnostically and it corresponds to 20-40 μg administered intranasally.
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| 3. |
- van Westen, Danielle, et al.
(författare)
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Biliary and total extrarenal clearance of inulin and iohexol in pigs. A source of error when determining gfr as body clearance.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-2766 .- 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 91:2, s. 300-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biliary clearance, total extrarenal clearance, body and renal clearance of inulin and iohexol were determined in 11 normal and 11 nephrectomized pigs. The biliary clearance of inulin, calculated as biliary excretion divided by the plasma concentration, was 0.04 and 0.01 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> and of iohexol 0.21 and 0.1 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> , in normal, respectively, nephrectomized pigs (p < 0.05). The extrarenal clearance of inulin, calculated as body minus renal clearance, was 2.7 and 0.7 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> and of iohexol 3.7 and 0.7 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> in normal, respectively, nephrectomized pigs (p < 0.05). Some hours after injection of the markers their plasma concentrations were much higher in the nephrectomized pigs. This higher plasma concentration was not matched by an equally higher biliary excretion and therefore biliary clearance decreased. The smaller total extrarenal clearance in nephrectomized pigs, i.e. the overestimation of GFR when calculated as body clearance, indicates that this source of error decreases with decreasing renal function.
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| 4. |
- Annuk, Margus, et al.
(författare)
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Erythropoietin impairs endothelial vasodilatory function in patients with renal anemia and in healthy subjects
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186 .- 1660-2110. ; 102:1, s. c30-c34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: The mechanisms underlying the aggravation or development of hypertension frequently seen during treatment of renal anemia with epoetins are not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epoetin alfa on endothelial vasodilatory function in patients with renal anemia and in healthy subjects. Methods: Eighteen preuremic patients with anemia (GFR 23.4 ± 11 SD ml/min, Hb 101 ± 8 g/l) and 10 healthy subjects underwent evaluation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) by means of forearm blood flow (FBF) measurements with venous occlusion plethysmography during local intra-arterial infusions of methacholine (MCh, evaluating EDV) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, evaluating EIDV). These investigations were performed before and 30 min after an intravenous injection of epoetin alfa (10,000 IU). Ten healthy subjects underwent the same procedure with the exception that saline were given instead of epoetin. The patients were treated with epoetin alfa subcutaneously for 12-19 weeks and revaluated when Hb exceeded 120 g/l. Results: EDV was attenuated after the epoetin injection in both renal patients and healthy subjects. This impairment persisted after anemia had been treated. EDIV and blood pressure remained constant. Saline had no effect on the variables measured. Conclusion: Our results indicate that epoetin alfa impairs endothelial function in renal patients and healthy subjects which may have an impact on vascular complications.
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| 5. |
- Enberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of UV absorbance for estimation of phosphate elimination during hemodiafiltration
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - : S. Karger. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186 .- 1660-2110. ; 121:1-2, s. c1-c9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Phosphate is an important factor in explaining the high progress of vascular calcification among dialysis patients. Today, phosphate concentration is measured in plasma on a regular basis. The aim of this study was to find out if it is possible to estimate total removed phosphate (TRp) in spent dialysate utilizing UV absorbance during hemodiafiltration. Methods: Eleven patients were monitored online with UV absorbance at 297 nm, three times during one week each (n = 33). Dialysate samples were taken at different times during treatment and from a collection tank to chemically determine phosphate concentrations. Two mathematical models (UVIND and UVGROUP) were tested to estimate TRp with supervision by UV absorbance and compared with TRp measured in the tank (reference). Results: High correlation between UV absorbance and phosphate concentration for each single patient and lower for the whole group together was found. TRp was (mean +/- SD) 30.7 +/- 7.3 mmol for the reference and 30.8 +/- 8.2 and 29.1 +/- 5.2 mmol for UVIND and UVGROUP, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a novel possibility to estimate TRp based on linear relationship between online monitoring of UV absorbance and concentration of phosphate in spent dialysate.
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| 7. |
- Salimi, Shabnam, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontal Disease, Renal Dysfunction and Heightened Leukocytosis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186 .- 1660-2110. ; 128:1-2, s. 107-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Leukocytosis is a powerful predictor of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related outcomes. However, the association between periodontitis measures and increased leukocytosis in the context of CKD has not been well described. We sought to identify which individual measures of periodontal disease may best associate with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, and to test if these measures were associated with increased leukocytosis in subjects with established CKD.Methods:We estimated, among 13,270 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III study, the associations between case-based definition of periodontitis, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and pocket depth (PD) as individual measures of periodontal disease, with renal function measures and leukocytosis.Results:In adjusted multivariate analyses, case-based definition of severe periodontitis was associated with albuminuria (β = 0.003, p = 0.01) but not with eGFR. However, CAL and PD were all individually associated with both albuminuria (β = 0.08, p < 0.001 and β = 0.06, p < 0.001, respectively) and eGFR (β = -0.05, p < 0.001 and β = -0.03, p < 0.001, respectively). We found significant associations between elevated CAL and PD with leukocytosis. Lastly, we found a marked association between the joint presence of CKD and elevated CAL or PD with leukocytosis (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-7.5 and OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.7, respectively).Conclusion:Individual measures of periodontal disease are associated with renal function and heightened leukocytosis in CKD subjects. The significantly added inflammatory burden noted in CKD subjects with periodontal disease argue for targeting periodontitis treatment as part of our multifaceted approach to CKD patients.
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| 8. |
- Soveri, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in Central Arterial Pressure Waveform during Hemodialysis Is Related to a Reduction in Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Levels
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186 .- 1660-2110. ; 106:4, s. c180-c186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cardiovascular mortality is high in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Early arterial pressure wave reflections, reflecting arterial stiffness and the endogenous nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels predict mortality in HD patients. Therefore, we aimed to study changes in ADMA levels and central arterial pressure waveform during HD. Methods: Thirty-two chronic HD patients were studied before and after a HD session. In a subset of 22 patients without arrhythmias, pulse wave analysis was performed on radial artery (SphygmoCor). Augmentation index (AIx), defined as difference between the second and first systolic peak divided by central pulse pressure, was used as a measure of arterial stiffness. ADMA was measured in plasma with the ELISA technique. Homocysteine was measured in plasma using the EIA technique. Results: HD reduced both AIx (19%; p = 0.003) and ADMA levels (17%; p < 0.001). The magnitudes of changes in AIx and ADMA during HD were correlated (r = 0.44; p = 0.045). Mean arterial pressure change was not significant. HD reduced homocysteine levels, but homocysteine was not related to ADMA or AIx. Conclusion: The reduction in ADMA level seen after HD was associated with improvement in the central arterial pressure waveform, suggesting involvement of nitric oxide in the regulation of arterial stiffness in HD patients.
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| 9. |
- Akrawi, Delshad Saleh, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of End-Stage Renal Disease : A Swedish Adoption Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 138:2, s. 157-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: The heritability of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among adoptees has not been examined so far. By studying adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents, it is possible to differentiate between the genetic causes and environmental causes of familial aggregation. This nationwide study aimed to disentangle the genetic and shared environmental contribution to the familial transmission of ESRD. Methods: We performed a family study for Swedish-born adoptees (born between 1945 until 1995) and their biological and adoptive parents. The Swedish Multi-Generation Register was linked to the National Patient Registry for the period 1964–2012. ESRD was defined as patients in active uremic care, that is, chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation. OR for ESRD was determined for adoptees with an affected biological parent with ESRD compared with adoptees without a biological parent with ESRD. The OR for ESRD was also calculated in adoptees with an adoptive parent with ESRD compared with adoptees with an adoptive parent without ESRD. Moreover, heritability for ESRD was estimated with Falconer’s regression. Results: A total of 111 adoptees, 463 adoptive parents, and 397 biological parents were affected by ESRD. The OR for ESRD was 6.41 in adoptees (95% CI 2.96–13.89) of biological parents diagnosed with ESRD. The OR for ESRD was 2.40 in adoptees (95% CI 0.76–7.60) of adoptive parents diagnosed with ESRD. The heritability of ESRD was 59.5 ± 18.2%. Conclusion: The family history of ESRD in a biological parent is an important risk factor for ESRD. The high heritability indicates that genetic factors play an important role in understanding the etiology of ESRD.
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