| 1. |
- Ohlsson, Tommy
(författare)
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Status of non-standard neutrino interactions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 76:4, s. 044201-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of neutrino oscillations has been established as the leading mechanism behind neutrino flavor transitions, providing solid experimental evidence that neutrinos are massive and lepton flavors are mixed. Here we review sub-leading effects in neutrino flavor transitions known as non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs), which is currently the most explored description for effects beyond the standard paradigm of neutrino oscillations. In particular, we report on the phenomenology of NSIs and their experimental and phenomenological bounds as well as an outlook for future sensitivity and discovery reach.
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| 2. |
- Janssen, Tjbm, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum resistance metrology using graphene
- 2013
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Ingår i: Reports on Progress in Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 76:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review the recent extraordinary progress in the development of a new quantum standard for resistance based on graphene. We discuss the unique properties of this material system relating to resistance metrology and discuss results of the recent highest-ever precision direct comparison of the Hall resistance between graphene and traditional GaAs. We mainly focus our review on graphene expitaxially grown on SiC, a system which so far resulted in the best results. We also briefly discuss progress in the two other graphene material systems, exfoliated graphene and chemical vapour deposition graphene, and make a critical comparison with SiC graphene. Finally, we discuss other possible applications of graphene in metrology.
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| 3. |
- Juzeniene, Asta, et al.
(författare)
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Solar radiation and human health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Reports on Progress in Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 74:6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sun has played a major role in the development of life on Earth. In Western culture, people are warned against Sun exposure because of its adverse effects: erythema, photoimmunosuppression, photoageing, photocarcinogenesis, cataracts and photokeratitis. However, Sun exposure is also beneficial, since moderate doses give beneficial physiological effects: vitamin D synthesis, reduction of blood pressure and mental health. Shortage of Sun exposure may be even more dangerous to human health than excessive exposure. Avoiding Sun exposure leads to vitamin D deficiency which is associated not only with rickets and osteomalacia, but also with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, influenza, many types of cancer and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Solar radiation induces nitric oxide release in tissue and immediate pigment darkening which certainly play important roles, although these are still unknown. Action spectra relevant for health are described. We will also review what is known about spectral and intensity variations of terrestrial solar radiation as well as its penetration through the atmosphere and into human skin and tissue.
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| 4. |
- Korotchenkov, OA, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustically driven emission of light in granular and layered semiconductors: recent advances and future prospects
- 2002
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Ingår i: Reports on Progress in Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 65:1, s. 73-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acoustic driving techniques can produce luminescence in semiconductors quite efficiently. A mixture of grain particles, for example, emits light when driven by sufficiently intense acoustic fields. This effect is therefore particularly interesting for exploring the dynamics of granular solids. By applying this novel technique, further insight is gained when monitoring the driving-induced evolution of dense particle arrangements. Another subject in this article is the description of the basic physics that governs acoustically driven relaxation of photoexcited carriers in quantum well systems. Due to these properties, mus-prolonged recombination processes and periodic pumping of exciton emission in a quantum dot are observed, which offer new possibilities for tailoring multilayer structures of semiconductors. A variety of potential applications using these phenomena are envisaged.
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| 5. |
- Allanach, Benjamin C., et al.
(författare)
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Simple and statistically sound strategies for analysing physical theories
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 85:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology fall into one or both of these categories. These issues are often sidestepped with statistically unsound ad hoc methods, involving intersection of parameter intervals estimated by multiple experiments, and random or grid sampling of model parameters. Whilst these methods are easy to apply, they exhibit pathologies even in low-dimensional parameter spaces, and quickly become problematic to use and interpret in higher dimensions. In this article we give clear guidance for going beyond these procedures, suggesting where possible simple methods for performing statistically sound inference, and recommendations of readily-available software tools and standards that can assist in doing so. Our aim is to provide any physicists lacking comprehensive statistical training with recommendations for reaching correct scientific conclusions, with only a modest increase in analysis burden. Our examples can be reproduced with the code publicly available at Zenodo.
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| 6. |
- Bao, Chunxiong, et al.
(författare)
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Physics of defects in metal halide perovskites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 85:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal halide perovskites are widely used in optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. Defects in this class of low-temperature solution-processed semiconductors play significant roles in the optoelectronic properties and performance of devices based on these semiconductors. Investigating the defect properties provides not only insight into the origin of the outstanding performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices but also guidance for further improvement of performance. Defects in perovskites have been intensely studied. Here, we review the progress in defect-related physics and techniques for perovskites. We survey the theoretical and computational results of the origin and properties of defects in perovskites. The underlying mechanisms, functions, advantages, and limitations of trap state characterization techniques are discussed. We introduce the effect of defects on the performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices, followed by a discussion of the mechanism of defect treatment. Finally, we summarize and present key challenges and opportunities of defects and their role in the further development of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
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| 7. |
- Borsato, M., et al.
(författare)
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Unleashing the full power of LHCb to probe stealth new physics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Reports on Progress in Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 85:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the potential of the LHCb experiment to detect stealth physics. This refers to dynamics beyond the standard model that would elude searches that focus on energetic objects or precision measurements of known processes. Stealth signatures include long-lived particles and light resonances that are produced very rarely or together with overwhelming backgrounds. We will discuss why LHCb is equipped to discover this kind of physics at the Large Hadron Collider and provide examples of well-motivated theoretical models that can be probed with great detail at the experiment.
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| 8. |
- Dichio, Vito, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical genetics in and out of quasi-linkage equilibrium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 86:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review is about statistical genetics, an interdisciplinary topic between statistical physics and population biology. The focus is on the phase of quasi-linkage equilibrium (QLE). Our goals here are to clarify under which conditions the QLE phase can be expected to hold in population biology and how the stability of the QLE phase is lost. The QLE state, which has many similarities to a thermal equilibrium state in statistical mechanics, was discovered by M Kimura for a two-locus two-allele model, and was extended and generalized to the global genome scale by Neher & Shraiman (2011). What we will refer to as the Kimura-Neher-Shraiman theory describes a population evolving due to the mutations, recombination, natural selection and possibly genetic drift. A QLE phase exists at sufficiently high recombination rate (r) and/or mutation rates mu with respect to selection strength. We show how in QLE it is possible to infer the epistatic parameters of the fitness function from the knowledge of the (dynamical) distribution of genotypes in a population. We further consider the breakdown of the QLE regime for high enough selection strength. We review recent results for the selection-mutation and selection-recombination dynamics. Finally, we identify and characterize a new phase which we call the non-random coexistence where variability persists in the population without either fixating or disappearing.
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| 9. |
- Fernández de Salas, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Dark matter local density determination : recent observations and future prospects
- 2021
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 84:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report summarises progress made in estimating the local density of dark matter (ρDM,⊙), a quantity that is especially important for dark matter direct detection experiments. We outline and compare the most common methods to estimate ρDM,⊙ and the results from recent studies, including those that have benefited from the observations of the ESA/Gaia satellite. The result of most local analyses coincide within a range of , while a slightly lower range of is preferred by most global studies. In light of recent discoveries, we discuss the importance of going beyond the approximations of what we define as the ideal Galaxy (a steady-state Galaxy with axisymmetric shape and a mirror symmetry across the mid-plane) in order to improve the precision of ρDM,⊙ measurements. In particular, we review the growing evidence for local disequilibrium and broken symmetries in the present configuration of the Milky Way, as well as uncertainties associated with the galactic distribution of baryons. Finally, we comment on new ideas that have been proposed to further constrain the value of ρDM,⊙, most of which would benefit from Gaia's final data release.
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| 10. |
- Goudzovski, Evgueni, et al.
(författare)
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New physics searches at kaon and hyperon factories
- 2023
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 86:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rare meson decays are among the most sensitive probes of both heavy and light new physics. Among them, new physics searches using kaons benefit from their small total decay widths and the availability of very large datasets. On the other hand, useful complementary information is provided by hyperon decay measurements. We summarize the relevant phenomenological models and the status of the searches in a comprehensive list of kaon and hyperon decay channels. We identify new search strategies for under-explored signatures, and demonstrate that the improved sensitivities from current and next-generation experiments could lead to a qualitative leap in the exploration of light dark sectors.
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