| 1. |
- Androsiuk, P., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic status of Norway spruce (Picea abies) breeding populations for northern Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - : J.D. Sauerlaender's Verlag. - 0037-5349. ; 62:3, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient use of any breeding resources requires a good understanding of the genetic value of the founder breeding materials for predicting the gain and diversity in future generations. This study evaluates the distribution of genetic variation and level of relatedness among and within nine breeding populations of Norway spruce for Northern Sweden using nuclear microsatellite markers. A sample set of 456 individuals selected from 140 stands were genotyped with, 15 SSR loci. Over all loci each individual was identified with unique multilocus genotype. High genetic diversity (average H-e=0.820) and low population differentiation (F-ST = 0.0087) characterized this material. Although low in F-ST, the two northernmost populations were clustered as a distinct group diverged from the central populations. The population differentiation pattern corresponds well with the post glacial migration history of Norway spruce and the current gene flow and human activity in the region. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.084 after removal loci with high frequency of null alleles. The estimated relatedness of the trees gathered in the breeding populations was very low (average kinship coefficient 0.0077) and not structured. The high genetic variation and low and not structured relatedness between individuals found in the breeding populations confirm that the Norway spruce breeding stock for northern Sweden represent valuable genetic resources for both long-term breeding and conservation programs.
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| 2. |
- Fries, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Density and wood biomass development in whole-tree analyses of Scots pine, and aspects on heritability estimates
- 2011
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0037-5349 .- 2509-8934. ; 60, s. 224-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve trees in a 36 year old full-sib progeny plantation, testing a part of the Scots pine breeding population, were analysed for wood density and the width of the earlywood and latewood sections in each annual ring. Wood samples (stem discs) were taken with 1 m intervals along the stem and the analyses covered thus the whole stem. Based on these data, the biomass of the earlywood and latewood of each annual ring in each 1 meter stem section was estimated. Latewood density increased from pith to bark while it decreased from stem base to top. Earlywood density was of similar size both radially and vertically. The biomass in each annual ring increased until around ring number 10 from pith for both wood types. For earlywood it then decreased while it remained quite constant for latewood. Latewood biomass decreased more rapidly towards the top of the tree than earlywood biomass. Heritabilities for earlywood and latewood in each annual ring at breast height (estimated in the same material in a previous study) were related to the corresponding biomasses to indirectly estimate overall heritability for wood density valid for the whole stem. The analyses indicate that the decrease in heritability for latewood density and increase for earlywood density, from the pith to bark, is compensated by the increase in latewood biomass in relation to earlywood biomass. Thus, the heritability of the latewood density and earlywood density seems to have the same influence on the overall heritability for density in the whole stem.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hannrup, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic parameters for spiral grain in Scots pine and Norway spruce
- 2003
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - 0037-5349. ; 52:5-6, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic parameters were estimated for grain angle, growth and exterior quality traits in two 18-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progeny trials and for grain angle and growth traits in two 12-year-old clonal trials of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Mean grain angles ranged 1.4 to 2.0 degrees and 2.1 to 2.6 degrees in the Scots pine and Norway spruce trials, respectively. Heritabilities for grain angle were high in Scots pine (h2>0.40) and moderate in Norway spruce (H2>0.30). The genetic standard deviations were around or slightly below one degree. In general, grain angle was genetically and phenotypically uncorrelated with the growth and exterior quality traits. All traits showed low amount of genotype by environment interaction and there was no tendency of grain angle being a more stable traits than the other traits studied. A newly developed measurement device for grain angle where the grain angle is revealed by a wedge that is pushed through the bark into the wood and follows the inclination of the tracheids was tested and found suitable for measurements in genetic tests.
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| 5. |
- Karlman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Juvenile growth of provenances and open pollinated families of four Russian larch species (Larix Mill.) in Swedish field tests
- 2011
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0037-5349 .- 2509-8934. ; 60, s. 165-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four Russian larch species; (Larix sukaczewii Dyl., L. sibirica Ledeb., L. gmelinii Rupr. and L. cajanderi Mayr.) were tested in combined provenance-progeny tests on three sites in Sweden. 29 provenances, two seed orchards and four seed stands-material were assessed for juvenile height growth and survival after five growing seasons in the field. Genetic parameters were also determined on the family level. The results show that provenances of L. sukaczewii originating from western Russia have the highest survival. Compared to the closely related L. sibirica, L. sukaczewii show better adaptation, a pattern that has also been observed in Finland and Iceland. Provenances of L. gmelinii from the Russian Far East demonstrate best juvenile height growth on all three sites. L. cajanderi from northern interior Siberia failed on all three sites. Both climatic and geographical variables showed strong correlation with survival and height. At this early evaluation it seems like provenances of L. sukaczewii can be transferred northward with satisfactory survival whereas southern transfer or transfer from strongly continental areas in Russia to the semi maritime climate in Sweden results in poor growth. CVA values suggested relatively high genetic variation in height for L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica. The heritabilities for height growth and survival were at this early evaluation generally low (h(2) < 0.10) and often non-significant.
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| 6. |
- Kien, Nguyen Duc, et al.
(författare)
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Clonal Variation and Genotype by Environment Interactions in Growth and Wood Density in Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Three Contrasting Sites in Vietnam
- 2010
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - 0037-5349. ; 59, s. 17-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 172 clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were tested in three clonal tests in northern, north-central and southern Vietnam, with 32 of them planted across all three sites. At age 3-5 years, the clonal repeatabilities were 0.18-0.42 for growth traits, 0.71-0.78 for wood basic density and 0.56-0.66 for pilodyn penetration. Genotypic correlations between growth and density at the three sites were from -0.24 to 0.17, and did not differ significantly from zero. Genotypic correlations between sites were 0.32-0.56 for growth traits at age 3 years, and 0.72-0.88 for density and pilodyn penetration. Selection gains for breast height diameter at individual sites at a selection proportion of 5% were 22-32%, with minor effects on density. Selection for diameter at one site gave indirect responses in diameter at the other two sites that were only 40-60% of the gains obtainable from direct selection at those sites. This study shows that fast-growing E. camaldulensis clones can be selected in Vietnam with only minor effects on density. Selection for growth should be regionally based to maximize selection gain whereas clonal rankings for density will change little across regions.
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| 7. |
- Kroon, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of Clonal Variation in Seed Cone Production Over Time in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seed Orchard
- 2009
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0037-5349 .- 2509-8934. ; 58, s. 53-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Possibilities for early selection of clones for future seed cone production were studied in a clonal seed orchard of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Sweden over the first 30 years following establishment. The annual data were modelled as series of bivariate analyses. The correlations between cone production of clones in any individual year and that of a previous year, and cumulative cone production over all years were studied. The corresponding multivariate analysis for a full data fit simultaneously was best estimated with a genetic distance-based power model (AR). The genetic (variation among clones) and environmental variation were of the same magnitude. The genetic correlations were larger than the phenotypic correlations and both increased with orchard age. Basing selection of clones on a single observation at an early age to improve future cone production was not effective, but efficiency increased if cumulative cone count over many years was used. Year-to-year genetic correlations indicated that early forecasts by clone of cone production at mature ages are highly uncertain. Reliable predictions (moderate correlations) could be achieved only if based on rather mature grafts, 14 or more years after establishment.
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| 8. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in floral phenological synchronization in a clonal seed orchard of pinus tabuliformis in northeast of China
- 2012
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - 0037-5349. ; 61:4-5, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flowering phenology in an orchard is a crucial factor affecting the gene exchange among clones and consequently changing genetic composition of the seed crop. Pinus tabuliformis is now at the crucial period from first generation clonal seed orchards to advanced generation seed orchards in China. In this study, variation and stability in floral phenological synchronization of all the clones and possible mating pairs, in terms of an index of phenological overlap, were observed in a first generation clonal seed orchard which located in northeast of China. Results showed that significant variations occurred in the clones and mating pairs. This kind of variation was apparently related with temperature and humidity of the research site. With increasing age, levels of flowering synchronization were likely to rise in the clones and mating pairs. In general, the average flowering synchronization of male parents was slightly higher than that of female parents, female management in a seed orchard should be paied more attention. Flowering time was under strong genetic control and this genetic control was stronger in the female flowering process than of the males in terms of board sense heritability and year to year correlation analysis. Flowering synchronization of female parents was positively correlated between most years and can be a reliable reference for early and late predication in Pinus tabuliformis seed orchard during stage of initial seed harvest to stable seed production. According to their average levels of flowering synchronization, 49 clones in the first generation clonal seed orchard were divided into 11 different groups. Results of this paper provided the basic information for first generation seed orchard management and advanced seed orchard establishment of Pinus tabuliformis.
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| 9. |
- Lindgren, Dag
(författare)
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Annual Fertility Variation in Clonal Seed Orchards of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and its Impact on Seed Crop
- 2009
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0037-5349 .- 2509-8934. ; 58, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fertility variation was studied in two clonal seed orchards (CSO) of teak in four consecutive years (2003-2006). Both orchards were raised in 1976 with grafts of phenotypes selected for growth and form. The seed orchards of CSO I (Topslip, Tamil Nadu State) and CSO II (Walayar, Kerala State) have 15 and 20 clones, respectively, with 13 common clones. The proportion of flowering ramets was generally low ranging from 16 to 53% across years. The best fruit yield during the study period was around 18 kg ha(-1) in CSO I and 17 kg ha(-1) in CSO II. Highly significant clonal variation and clone by year and clone by site interactions were observed for fertility traits. The clonal contribution was more skewed in poor flowering years than in abundant flowering years and in CSO II than in CSO I. Broad sense heritability for Dower and fruit production per tree was low to moderate (0.16 to 0.55). Flower and fruit production by individual ramets in successive years were positively correlated. Correlations between reproductive and growthtraits were generally low, but correlation was strong between flowering and fruiting. Fertility variation and group coancestry were higher in poor flowering years than in abundant years and in CSO II than CSO I. Restricting seed collection to abundant flowering years, adjusting ramet number to balance contribution of clones and mixing of seeds from successive years are suggested to reduce relatedness among orchard progeny. The usefulness of low input breeding options for teak like seed production areas are also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Lindgren, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic status of Norway spruce (Picea abies) breeding populations for northern Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Silvae Genetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0037-5349 .- 2509-8934. ; 62, s. 127-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient use of any breeding resources requires a good understanding of the genetic value of the founder breeding materials for predicting the gain and diversity in future generations. This study evaluates the distribution of genetic variation and level of relatedness among and within nine breeding populations of Norway spruce for Northern Sweden using nuclear microsatellite markers. A sample set of 456 individuals selected from 140 stands were genotyped with, 15 SSR loci. Over all loci each individual was identified with unique multilocus genotype. High genetic diversity (average H-e=0.820) and low population differentiation (F-ST = 0.0087) characterized this material. Although low in F-ST, the two northernmost populations were clustered as a distinct group diverged from the central populations. The population differentiation pattern corresponds well with the post glacial migration history of Norway spruce and the current gene flow and human activity in the region. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.084 after removal loci with high frequency of null alleles. The estimated relatedness of the trees gathered in the breeding populations was very low (average kinship coefficient 0.0077) and not structured. The high genetic variation and low and not structured relatedness between individuals found in the breeding populations confirm that the Norway spruce breeding stock for northern Sweden represent valuable genetic resources for both long-term breeding and conservation programs.
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