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| 3. |
- Brunskog, Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A Colourful Past : A Re-examination of a Swedish Rococo Set of Furniture with a Focus on the Urushi Components
- 2020
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 66:8, s. 477-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two artefacts in royal custody, an étagère (inventory number HGK401) and a writing desk (inventory number HGK1249), display specific aspects of Swedish Rococo furniture in an exciting combination are re-examined through scientific means. Microscopy of cross sections, wood species identification, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses reveal some of their physical and chemical characteristics. The results show that the original wood includes hinoki, and the actual urushi ware originates from at least two different artefacts, of which one was made in Japan. A specific mixture of saps hitherto only confirmed on historical Ryukyu Island urushi artefacts was detected. Blue coloured urushi is verified.
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| 4. |
- Brunskog, Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A Significant Japanese Coffer: A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Examining Late Sixteenth- — Early Seventeen-Century Export Urushi Ware
- 2022
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 67:7, s. 487-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant coffer in the Royal Swedish collection, inventory number HGK 406, is examined. The aim is to confirm or add new data concerning its age, provenance, and components. The scientific analyses include microscopy of cross and thin sections, wood species identification, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X−ray fluorescence microscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, strontium isotope ratio measurement, and radiocarbon dating. The investigation also includes excerpting and examining historical documents to a lesser degree. The results show that the body wood is Thujopsis dolabrata BUN 1248, a strong indication of the coffer's Japanese origin. The urushi coating is made with sap harvested in Japan from the species Toxicodendron vernicifluum. The decorations include gold powder, red iron oxide, and cinnabar pigments. Radiocarbon dating supports the dating of the coffer, also based on its style, as of the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century. While all the results may not stand alone, the study shows that a methodology with a multidisciplinary approach can produce new knowledge and support or reject hypotheses arrived at from other kinds of sources.
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| 5. |
- Brunskog, Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A White Gem from Kyoto
- 2021
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 66:4, s. 220-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A small box, hitherto described as white lacquerware, currently displayed at the Chinese Pavilion, Drottningholm, Sweden, is an unusual example of artefacts imported from the Far East during the era of the East India Companies. By using microscopy for cross- and thin sections, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, some of the specific characteristics of the box are described, and it was possible to differentiate original from more recent restoration material. Among other findings, the results suggest that white glue tempera is a better description, based on indications of calcium carbonate and protein, and support an earlier attribution of the box to an Edo period doll maker in Kyoto.
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| 6. |
- Brunskog, Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Lost and Found : Documentary Evidence and Scientific Examination of a Mid-Eighteenth Century Japanese Urushi Box
- 2023
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 68:8, s. 784-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses a Japanese urushi box in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, inventory number TEMP-0030. It documents a study that included scientific analyses by five different processes: sectional optical microscopy (OM/POL), wood taxonomy (WT), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XRF), and radiocarbon dating (C-14). To a lesser degree, the investigation also included an examination of the inscribed information on a paper label. The scientific results show that the box substrate is hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Engl.), assembled with a proteinaceous glue. A cloth made from ramie fibres (Boehmeria nivea) covers the wood body. The main constituent in the coating is urushiol, derived from Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees. The black appearance on the exterior faces is due to a pigment of soot. The makie and nashiji decorations, on both exterior and interior faces, are composed of brass, silver, and gold, in flakes and powders. Radiocarbon dating suggests the time of manufacture as 1728-1764 CE, or the mid-Edo period. The information on the paper label suggests 1745 CE and the Zohiko, Kyoto, as the time and place of manufacture. Indirectly, this study emphasises the potential of these analytical techniques and a forensic approach in learning about other 'lost and found' objects.
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| 7. |
- Brunskog, Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The Material Complexity of Three Seventeenth-Century Cabinets Exported from the Far East
- 2024
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 69:4, s. 261-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on three Far East cabinets that have ended up in Sweden for various reasons and on various routes. Some specific characteristics have been analysed using various scientific methods: sectional microscopy, wood taxonomy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, strontium isotope ratio measurement, and radiocarbon dating. The results show that the cabinets contain wood from species endemic to Japan, namely asunaro (Thujopsis dolabrata) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtuse). They are coated with urushi sap derived from Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees, in two cases confirmed to be harvested in China, and one case probably blended with sap exuded from Toxicodendron succedanea harvested in North Vietnam. Their black appearance is due to a soot pigment typical of many products from the early Edo period or older. The data obtained with scientific methods, unavailable in the past, improve knowledge about these cabinets. Such new information should be made available to scholars and the general public.
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| 8. |
- Dedic, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose degradation in the Vasa : The role of acids and rust
- 2013
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 58:4, s. 308-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oak timbers of the Swedish warship Vasa are deteriorating. High amounts of oxalic acid have been found along with a low pH and low molecular weight cellulose deep in the wood timbers. The iron-rich surface wood differs from the interior wood in that it displays higher pH and cellulose with higher molecular weight. The objective of this study was to determine why there is a difference in cellulose degradation, pH, and oxalic acid amount between the surface region and the interior of the Vasa timbers. Analysis of cellulose weight average molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography was performed, as well as quantification of oxalic acid and iron by high-performance anion exchange chromatography and atomic emission spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that a decrease in iron content coincides with an increase in oxalic acid concentration and a drop in pH at a certain depth from the wood surface. When iron-rich surface wood samples from the Vasa were mixed with an aqueous solution of oxalic acid, a fast increase of pH over time was observed. Neither interior wood poor in iron nor the fresh oak reference showed the same neutralizing effect during the time of measurement. This indicates that the presence of iron (rust) causes a neutralization of the wood, through the formation of iron(III) oxalato complexes, thus protecting the wood from oxalic acid hydrolysis. This effect was not observed to the same extent for other acids observed in Vasa wood (sulfuric, formic, glycolic, and acetic acids).
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| 9. |
- Dubus, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring copper and silver corrosion in different museum environments by electrical resistance measurement
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - : Int. Inst. for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 55:2, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results are reported of a systematic programme of electrical resistance measurement (ERM) of copper and silver corrosion rates within various museum environments, directed towards developing preventive conservation understanding and practice. Electrical resistivity measurements were made using copper and silver probes for one month and one year in 33 locations, and these are interpreted in comparison with two standards. Advantages and drawbacks of different methods available for the evaluation of the corrosion aggressiveness of indoor air are discussed. Practical solutions are proposed for improving the protection of metal objects collections. Improvements are also proposed to maximize the efficiency and suitability of the measuring device to the very specific applications of cultural heritage collections.
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| 10. |
- Fors, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of the Ammonia Neutralizing Treatment on Marine Archaeological Vasa Wood
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : IIC; International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 55:1, s. 41-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory experiments with ammonia vapour on Vasa wood have been carried out to neutralize the acidity connected to the numerous outbreaks of acidic sulfate salts occurring on the wooden surfaces of the Swedish historical shipwreck Vasa (1628). The effects of the ammonia treatment have been evaluated by means of pH measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FUR) spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The SEC analyses did not show any apparent effect on the cellulose in the polyethylene glycol-treated Vasa wood sample, while the FTIR results indicate sonic degradation of the holocellulose.
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