| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ashish, K. C., et al.
(författare)
-
Increased immunization coverage addresses the equity gap in Nepal
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - : WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 95:4, s. 261-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare immunization coverage and equity distribution of coverage between 2001 and 2014 in Nepal. Methods We used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in 2001, 2006 and 2011 together with data from the 2014. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. We calculated the proportion, in mean percentage, of children who had received bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, three doses of polio vaccine, three doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine and measles vaccine. To measure inequities between wealth quintiles, we calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) for all surveys. Findings From 2001 to 2014, the proportion of children who received all vaccines at the age of 12 months increased from 68.8% (95% confidence interval, CI: 67.5-70.1) to 82.4% (95% CI: 80.7-84.0). While coverage of BCG, DPT and measles immunization statistically increased during the study period, the proportion of children who received the third dose of polio vaccine decreased from 93.3% (95% CI: 92.7-93.9) to 88.1% (95% CI: 86.8-89.3). The poorest wealth quintile showed the greatest improvement in immunization coverage, from 58% to 77.9%, While the wealthiest quintile only improved from 84.8% to 86.0%. The SII for children who received all vaccines improved from 0.070 (95% CI: 0.061-0.078) to 0.026 (95% CI: 0.013-0.039) and RII improved from 1.13 to 1.03. Conclusion The improvement in immunization coverage between 2001 and 2014 in Nepal can mainly be attributed to the interventions targeting the disadvantaged populations.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Baker, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying implementation bottlenecks for maternal and newborn health interventions in rural districts of the United Republic of Tanzania
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 93:6, s. 380-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To estimate effective coverage of maternal and newborn health interventions and to identify bottlenecks in their implementation in rural districts of the United Republic of Tanzania. Methods Cross-sectional data from households and health facilities in Tandahimba and Newala districts were used in the analysis. We adapted Tanahashi's model to estimate intervention coverage in conditional stages and to identify implementation bottlenecks in access, health facility readiness and clinical practice. The interventions studied were syphilis and pre-eclampsia screening, partograph use, active management of the third stage of labour and postpartum care. Findings Effective coverage was low in both districts, ranging from only 3% for postpartum care in Tandahimba to 49% for active management of the third stage of labour in Newala. In Tandahimba, health facility readiness was the largest bottleneck for most interventions, whereas in Newala, it was access. Clinical practice was another large bottleneck for syphilis screening in both districts. Conclusion The poor effective coverage of maternal and newborn health interventions in rural districts of the United Republic of Tanzania reinforces the need to prioritize health service quality. Access to high-quality local data by decision-makers would assist planning and prioritization. The approach of estimating effective coverage and identifying bottlenecks described here could facilitate progress towards universal health coverage for any area of care and in any context.
|
|
| 6. |
- Barth, Cornelia Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Ways to improve surgical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - : WHO Press. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 100:11, s. 726-732
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global surgery initiatives such as the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery have highlighted the need for increased investment to enhance surgical capacity in low- and middle-income countries. A neglected issue, however, is surgery-related rehabilitation, which is known to optimize functional outcomes after surgery. Increased investment to enhance surgical capacity therefore needs to be complemented by promotion of rehabilitation interventions. We make the case for strengthening surgery-related rehabilitation in lower-resource countries, outlining the challenges but also potential solutions and policy directions. Proposed solutions include greater leadership and awareness, augmented by recent global efforts around the World Health Organization's Rehabilitation 2030 initiative, and professionalization of the rehabilitation workforce. More research on rehabilitation is needed in low- and middle-income countries, along with support for system approaches, notably on strengthening and integrating rehabilitation within the health systems. Finally, we outline a set of policy implications and recommendations, aligned to the components of the national surgical plan proposed by the Lancet Commission: infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, financing, and information management. Collaboration and sustained efforts to embed rehabilitation within national surgical plans is key to optimize health outcomes for patients with surgical conditions and ensure progress towards sustainable development goal 3: health and well-being for all.
|
|
| 7. |
- Barth, Cornelia, et al.
(författare)
-
Users of rehabilitation services in 14 countries and territories affected by conflict, 1988–2018
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - Geneva, Switzerland : World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 98, s. 599-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of people attending physical rehabilitation centres run or supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross in countries and territories affected by conflict.Methods Of 150 such rehabilitation centres worldwide, 38 use an electronic patient management system. We invited all 38 centres to participate. We extracted de-identified data from 1988 to 2018 and categorized them by sex, age, country or territory and reason for using rehabilitation services.Findings Thirty-one of the 38 rehabilitation centres in 14 countries and territories participated. We included data for 287 274 individuals. Of people using rehabilitation services, 61.6% (176 949/287 274) were in Afghanistan, followed by 15.7% (44 959/287 274) in Cambodia. Seven places had over 9000 service users each (Afghanistan, Cambodia, Gaza Strip, Iraq, Myanmar, Somalia and Sudan). Overall, 72.6% (208 515/287 274) of service users were male. In eight countries, more than half of the users were of working age (18–59 years). Amputation was the most common reason for using rehabilitation services; 33.3% (95 574/287 274) of users were people with amputations, followed by 13.7% (39 446/287 274) with cerebral palsy. The male predominance was greater in the population aged 18–34 years (83.1%; 71 441/85 997) and in people with amputations (88.6%; 84 717/95 574) but was evident across all places, age groups and health conditions.Conclusion The considerably lower attendance of females at the rehabilitation centres highlights the need to understand the factors that affect the accessibility and acceptability of rehabilitation for women and girls in conflict settings.
|
|
| 8. |
- Berhane, Yemane, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender, literacy, and survival among Ethiopian adults, 1987 - 96.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 80:9, s. 714-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Special attention should be given to raising literacy levels among rural women with a view to improving their survival.
|
|
| 9. |
- Byass, Peter
(författare)
-
Correlation between noncommunicable disease mortality in people aged 30-69 years and those aged 70-89 years
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - : WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 97:9, s. 589-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether the key metric for monitoring progress towards sustainable development goal target 3.4 that is measuring premature noncommunicable disease mortality (deaths among people aged 30-69 years), is ageist.Methods: To examine the relationship between premature noncommunicable disease mortality and noncommunicable disease mortality in older people, a database of mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes in people aged 30 to 69 years and 70 to 89 years was compiled using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The data covered 195 countries, six time-points and both sexes, giving 2340 instances. The World Health Organization's (WHO's) life-table method for the premature noncommunicable disease mortality metric was applied to the data.Findings: There was a strong correlation between noncommunicable disease mortality patterns in the premature and older age groups, which suggests that measuring premature noncommunicable disease mortality is informative about such mortality in later life. Neither time nor geographical location had a substantial effect on this correlation. However, there were female-to-male differences in age-specific probabilities of death due to noncommunicable disease, implying that noncommunicable disease mortality should be assessed using a sex-disaggregated approach.Conclusion: As the established WHO metric for premature noncommunicable disease mortality was predictive of noncommunicable disease mortality in older people, the metric should not be construed as ageist Focusing resources on measuring premature noncommunicable disease mortality will be appropriate, particularly in settings without universal civil death registration. This approach should not prejudice the provision of health services throughout the life-course.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dgedge, M, et al.
(författare)
-
The burden of disease in Maputo city, Mozambique : registered and autopsied deaths in 1994
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 79:6, s. 546-552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To classify the causes of death in Maputo City, Mozambique, using the methods of the Global Burden of Disease study, in order to provide information for health policy-makers and to obtain a baseline for future studies in Maputo City and provincial capitals.Methods: Data were taken from the Maputo City death register and autopsy records for 1994.Findings: A total of 9011 deaths were recorded in the death register, representing a coverage of approximately86%. Of these, 8114 deaths (92%) were classified by cause. Communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritionaldisorders accounted for 5319 deaths; noncommunicable diseases for 1834; and injuries for 961. The 10 leadingcauses of registered deaths were perinatal disorders (1643 deaths); malaria (928); diarrhoeal diseases (814);tuberculosis (456); lower respiratory infections (416); road-traffic accidents (371); anaemia (269); cerebrovasculardiseases (269); homicide (188); and bacterial meningitis (178).Conclusions: Infectious diseases of all types, injuries, and cerebrovascular disease ranked as leading causes of death, according to both the autopsy records and the city death register. AIDS-related deaths were underreported.With HIV infection increasing rapidly, AIDS will add to the already high burden of infectious diseases and premature mortality in Maputo City. The results of the study indicate that cause of death is a useful outcome indicator for disease control programmes.
|
|
