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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative process tracing. : Making historical comparison structured and focused
- 2017
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the social sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 47:1, s. 44-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces comparative process tracing (CPT) as a two-step methodological approach that combines theory, chronology, and comparison. For each studied case, the processes leading “from A to B” are reconstructed and analyzed in terms of ideal-type social mechanisms and then compared by making use of the identified mechanisms and ideal-type periodization. Central elements of CPT are path dependence, critical junctures and focal points, social mechanisms, context, periodization, and counterfactual analysis. The CPT approach is described, discussed, and compared with more formal and deterministic forms of process tracing, which are found to be less fruitful for systematic comparison.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Generalization by Mechanism : Thin Rationality and Ideal-type Analysis in Case Study Research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the social sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 44:6, s. 707-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing general inferences on the basis of single-case and small-n -studies is often seen as problematic. This article suggests a logic of generalization based on thinly rationalistic social mechanisms. Ideal-type mechanisms can be derived from empirical observations in one case and, based on the assumption of thin rationality, used as a generalizing bridge to other contexts with similar actor constellations. Thus, the “portability” builds on expectations about similar mechanisms operating in similar contexts. We present the general logic behind such “rationalistic generalization” and relate it to other ideas about generalization from single-case studies.
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| 5. |
- Brante, Thomas
(författare)
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Explanatory and Non-Explanatory Goals in Social Science
- 2008
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the Social Sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 38:2, s. 271-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper has three aims. First, to show that Julian Reiss' critique of what he calls the New Mechanist Perspective in the social sciences is built on a number of misconceptions; second, to provide some arguments for the need of reflections and discussions about common and “ultimate” goals for the social sciences; and third, to suggest a focus on mechanisms as one such viable goal.
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| 6. |
- Brante, Thomas
(författare)
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Perspectival Realism, Representational Models, and the Social Sciences
- 2010
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the Social Sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 40:1, s. 107-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this book, Ronald Giere seeks to resolve the opposition between objectivism and constructivism by suggesting a third way, perspectival realism, according to which both sides are partly right. To prove his case, Giere reconstructs some of the acknowledged puzzle pieces in the philosophy of science (theory, observation, etc.). To my mind, of most interest is the piece Giere calls “representional model.” Constituting the basis of every science, it functions as a template that governs data collection as well as theory development. Throughout the book, Giere illustrates his various propositions with examples taken from the natural sciences. I contend that the propositions are just as relevant for the social sciences and present some examples in order to indicate this. Especially, the concept of model is useful both for a better understanding of social science and for increasing its cumulativity.
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- Brännmark, Johan
(författare)
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Institutions, Ideology, and Nonideal Social Ontology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the social sciences. - : Sage Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 49:2, s. 137-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analytic social ontology has been dominated by approaches where institutions tend to come out paradigmatically as being relatively harmonious and mutually beneficial. This can however raise worries about such models potentially playing an ideological role in conceptualizing certain politically charged features of our societies as marginal phenomena or not even being institutional matters at all. This article seeks to develop a nonideal theory of institutions, which neither assumes that institutions are beneficial or oppressive, and where ideology is understood as a structuring and stabilizing phenomenon that helps maintain specific distributions of rights and duties by conferring perceived legitimacy onto them.
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| 8. |
- Burman, Åsa
(författare)
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A Critique of the Status Function Account of Human Rights
- 2018
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the social sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 48:5, s. 463-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contradiction ”1. The universal right to free speech did not exist before the European Enlightenment, at which time it came into existence. 2. The universal right to free speech has always existed, but this right was recognized only at the time of the European Enlightenment.” (Searle) draws on two common and conflicting intuitions: The human right to free speech exists because institutions, or the law, says so. In contrast, the human right to free speech can exist independently of institutions—these institutions simply recognize a right we already have. John Searle argues that his status function account of human rights can preserve both intuitions by showing that the inconsistency between (1) and (2) is merely apparent. I argue that this solution works for tokens of human rights but not for types, while the contradiction concerns types. Hence, the status function account of human rights fails to preserve both intuitions.
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| 9. |
- Erneling, Christina
(författare)
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Between Selz and Popper
- 2010
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the Social Sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 40:2, s. 311-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denkpsychologie has been important for the development of psychology as well as of philosophy during the last century. More specifically, cognitive psychology as well as Karl Popper's evolutionary epistemology were both influenced by Otto Selz's cognitive psychology. Without doubt, Selz played a role in the development of Popper's thinking, but Michel ter Hark has not given convincing evidence for Popper's idea of bold conjectures being influenced by Selz.
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| 10. |
- Erneling, Christina
(författare)
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The Importance of Jean Piaget
- 2014
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Ingår i: Philosophy of the Social Sciences. - : SAGE Publications. - 0048-3931 .- 1552-7441. ; 44:4, s. 522-535
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jean Piaget, along with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner, is one of the most influential thinkers in psychology. His influence on developmental and cognitive psychology, pedagogy and the so-called cognitive revolution is without doubt. The contributors to the book under review aim to show his past, contemporary as well as future relevance to important areas of psychology. I argue that they fail because they use Piaget's own terminology, instead of explaining his ideas and relevance in a way accessible to someone not already familiar with or sceptical about his assumptions and ideas. Thus, the book neither meets the authors' own stated goals, nor provides an accessible exposition of Piaget for the uninitiated or sceptical reader. A companion book like this one should help give answers to questions which someone unfamiliar with or sceptical of, but curious about, Piaget's work would ask.
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