| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Market Integration in Sweden during the 18th and 19th Centuries : Spectral Analysis of Grain Prices
- 1975
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Ingår i: Economy and History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 18:2, s. 92-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 18th and 19th centuries there were no regional customs areas in Sweden, but the country constituted one homogenous free trade area. The only exception was the duties which were to be paid when the goods were brought to the towns. It was a turnover tax levyed on the goods brought in and was in effect from 1622 to the beginning of the 1800s.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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The Contribution of the Manufacturing Industry to the GDP of Sweden: 1941-1951
- 1974
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Ingår i: Economy and History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 17:1, s. 70-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The value added of the Swedish industrial sector has earlier been calculated by Osten Johansson (ÖJ)2 and the Economic Research Institute (Konjunkturinstituiet, KI). 3 However, these calculations have proved to be in need of revision on various points. In the following pages new calculations are shown for a shorter period, 1941–51. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to construct a new price index since the earlier calculations of fixed prices for the industrial production also have certain weaknesses.
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| 3. |
- Hatti, Neelambar
(författare)
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A Note on Inflation and Prices in India during 1939-45
- 1974
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Ingår i: Economy & History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 17:1, s. 94-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wars are generally characterized by inflationary issue of currency. War is a costly affair which makes excessive demands on the resources of a country so that a large part of the productive apparatus has to be geared to the war needs. The government of a country involved in war has to find new sources of finance to cover the high costs of labour and materials for the war effort which does not satisfy the civilian needs. Initially, the government would resort to heavier taxation coupled with the floating of loans to raise more revenue. But the total cost of war is very heavy and the revenue accruing to the state through sources docs not suffice. Taxation, one of the sources of increased revenue, cannot be increased to any level because too heavy a tax can affect the ability and desire to work and save, and thus have adverse affect on production. So in order to obtain additional resources from the society the government would have to resort to printing more currency or borrow from the central bank against its own securities. Both these sources of increased revenue have an inflationary effect.
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| 4. |
- Hatti, Neelambar
(författare)
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External Assistance to India from Western Governments and International Agencies during 1951-61
- 1973
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Ingår i: Economy & History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 16:1, s. 55-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this essay is to trace the trends in the flow of economic assistance to India during the 1951–61 period of the First and Second Five Year Plans. The essay is further intended to provide a detailed review of the amounts. types. purposes and sources of the assistance received by India. 1 This essay is part of a larger work. under preparation wbere tbe actual contribution of the foreign assistance to Indian economic and social development is heinl analysed.View all notesThe data on the assistance during the period under review has been collected and collated on the basis of the definition of assistance given below.
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| 5. |
- Hatti, Neelambar, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and distributive justice in the Indian agricultural strategies since 1951
- 1975
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Ingår i: Economy & History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 18:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the following essay is to give a broad outline of the Indian agricultural development and to relate this to two norms of development: growth and distributive justice. Distributive justice is in this context not to be understood as a question of absolute economic equality but should be understood in a broader sense, namely, a relatively egalitarian distribution of incomes and production.
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| 6. |
- Hatti, Neelambar
(författare)
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Growth of Private Foreign Investments in India 1948-60
- 1970
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Ingår i: Economy & History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 13:1, s. 54-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of the nature and magnitude of private investments in India is basic not only to an understanding of India's international economic relations, but also to an assessment of the relative position of Indian industrial sector vis-à-vis the foreign sector. 1 The following discussion is confined only to tracing of some of the trends in the growth of private foreign investments in India on the basis of the “available” data. The actual impact and role of private foreign investments in India is to be discussed in a larger study.View all notesChanges in the source of foreign capital and the forms in which they enter the country have immense relevance to any discussion on governmental policy towards foreign capital.
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| 7. |
- Hatti, Neelambar
(författare)
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Impact of assistance under P.L. 480 on Indian economy 1956–1970
- 1977
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Ingår i: Economy & History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 20:1, s. 23-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a developing country a crisis of “food gap” cannot be ruled out because of the aggregate demand of such an economy has a tendency to increase on one hand and the elasticity of supply is low on the other1 There has been a substantial increase in the population of many developing countries since the 1950s and the food production has failed to keep pace with demand.2 One bad harvest in a region could mean food shortage. Bad harvest in two consecutive years could mean disaster. Indian case has to be seen against the background sketched here.
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| 8. |
- Jonung, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A model of the determination of wages and prices in Sweden, 1922-1971
- 1978
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Ingår i: Economy and History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0070-8852. ; 21:2, s. 104-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study the determination of annual changes in the money wage rate and in the price level in Sweden during the period 1922–1971. We have chosen to examine such a long span of years in order to make comparisons between various time periods and to investigate to what extent a given set of explanatory variables can account for the movements in wages and prices during these fifty years. Previous studies of the Swedish wage-price experience have covered only the years from the early 1950s.
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| 9. |
- Jonung, Lars
(författare)
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Cassel, Davidson and Heckscher on swedish monetary policy : A confidential report to the riksbank in 1931
- 1979
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1750-2837. ; 22:2, s. 85-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When Sweden was forced to leave the gold standard in September 1931—one week after the Bank of England had taken the same step—the Swedish authorities declared that the aim of Swedish monetary policy should be to stabilize the internal purchasing power of the krona. that is, a price stabilization norm was adopted by the Government as the guide for the Riksbank. The Riksbank, left with the task of implementing this policy, turned to three renowned economists for advice, Gustav Cassel, David Davidson and Eli Heckscher. Their recommendations concerning the proper aims and means for Swedish monetary policy, given in three separate reports at the end of October 1931, have thus far remained classified documents, kept in the archives of the Riksbank.
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| 10. |
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