| 1. |
- Hoem, Jan M., 1939-
(författare)
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Systematic Patterns of Zero Exposures In Event-History Analysis
- 2000
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Ingår i: Sociological methodology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0081-1750 .- 1467-9531. ; 30:1, s. 237-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Users of intensity-regression techniques in event-history analysis based on occurrence and exposure matrices frequently encounter zero-valued exposures where there is no observation for selected combinations of factor levels, either because they are logically impossible or because the observational design leaves them out. For example, higher educational levels cannot be attained at very young ages, and observations collected over a given calendar period cannot contain data for older birth cohorts at younger ages or data for younger cohorts at older ages. Unless the exposure matrix is too badly full of zeros, this does not necessarily cause problems for the estimation of regression parameters, but interpretation of results may have to be carried out with extra care. In this paper, we discuss why this is so and show how deft handling of systematic patterns of zero exposures can facilitate analysis.
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| 2. |
- Helske, Satu, et al.
(författare)
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From Sequences to Variables: Rethinking the Relationship between Sequences and Outcomes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sociological methodology. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0081-1750 .- 1467-9531. ; 54:1, s. 27-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequence analysis is increasingly used in the social sciences for the holistic analysis of life-course and other longitudinal data. The usual approach is to construct sequences, calculate dissimilarities, group similar sequences with cluster analysis, and use cluster membership as a dependent or independent variable in a regression model. This approach may be problematic, as cluster memberships are assumed to be fixed known characteristics of the subjects in subsequent analyses. Furthermore, it is often more reasonable to assume that individual sequences are mixtures of multiple ideal types rather than equal members of some group. Failing to account for uncertain and mixed memberships may lead to wrong conclusions about the nature of the studied relationships. In this article, the authors bring forward and discuss the problems of the "traditional" use of sequence analysis clusters as variables and compare four approaches for creating explanatory variables from sequence dissimilarities using different types of data. The authors conduct simulation and empirical studies, demonstrating the importance of considering how sequences and outcomes are related and the need to adjust analyses accordingly. In many typical social science applications, the traditional approach is prone to result in wrong conclusions, and similarity-based approaches such as representativeness should be preferred.
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| 3. |
- Jarvis, Benjamin, 1981-
(författare)
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Estimating Multinomial Logit Models with Samples of Alternatives
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sociological methodology. - : SAGE Publications Inc. - 0081-1750 .- 1467-9531. ; 49, s. 341-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comment reconsiders advice offered by Bruch and Mare regarding sampling choice sets in conditional logistic regression models of residential mobility. Contradicting Bruch and Mare?s advice, past econometric research shows that no statistical correction is needed when using simple random sampling of unchosen alternatives to pare down respondents? choice sets. Using data on stated residential preferences contained in the Los Angeles portion of the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, it is shown that following Bruch and Mare?s advice?to implement a statistical correction for simple random choice set sampling?leads to biased coefficient estimates. This bias is all but eliminated if the sampling correction is omitted.
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| 4. |
- Sjolander, A, et al.
(författare)
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A GENERAL AND ROBUST ESTIMATION METHOD FOR THE CASE-TIME-CONTROL DESIGN
- 2019
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Ingår i: SOCIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY, VOL 49. - : SAGE Publications. - 0081-1750. ; 49, s. 349-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The case-time-control design is a tool to control for measured, time-varying covariates that increase montonically in time within each subject while also controlling for all unmeasured covariates that are constant within each subject across time. Until recently, the design was restricted to data with only two timepoints and a single binary covariate, or data with a binary exposure. Sjölander (2017) made an important extension that allows for an arbitrary number of timepoints and covariates and a nonbinary exposure. However, his estimation method requires fairly strong model assumptions, and it may create bias if these assumptions are violated. We propose a novel estimation method for the case-time-control design, which to a large extent relaxes the model assumptions in Sjölander. We show in simulations that this estimation method performs well under a range of scenarios and gives consistent estimates when Sjölander’s estimation does not.
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| 5. |
- Sjolander, A, et al.
(författare)
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THE CASE-TIME-CONTROL METHOD FOR NONBINARY EXPOSURES
- 2017
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Ingår i: SOCIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY, VOL 47. - : SAGE Publications. - 0081-1750. ; 47, s. 182-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A popular way to reduce confounding in observational studies is to use each study participant as his or her own control. This is possible when both the exposure and the outcome are time varying and have been measured at several time points for each individual. The case-time-control method is a special case, which, under certain assumptions, allows the analyst to control for confounding by time-varying covariates, while controlling for all time-stationary characteristics of the study participants. There are two formulations of the case-time-control method. One formulation requires that the exposure be binary, and the other requires that there be no more than two time points per individual. In this article the author proposes a generalization of the case-time-control method for nonbinary exposures and an arbitrary number of time points. The author derives the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator and assesses its finite sample properties in a simulation study.
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| 6. |
- Wermuth, Nanny, 1943
(författare)
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Comment: Are Marginal Models Needed?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sociological Methodology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0081-1750 .- 1467-9531. ; 43:1, s. 114-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Albinsson, Staffan, 1951
(författare)
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New bums on opera seats - the transition from feudalism to liberal society mirrored in European opera houses 1750 - 1824
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svensk tidskrift för musikforskning. - 0081-9816. ; 102, s. 85-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opera has gone from a cherished vehicle for royal and aristocratic socializing to a forum for cultural experiences open to everybody. At least for those of us who can afford a ticket. This paper presents findings regarding the transition of audience revenues from the renting out of boxes and seats for all performances during one season to the aristocracy to a much larger share of tickets sold for single performances to a more general audience. Although it was a long, drawn-out process, it seems that the French Revolution was a tipping point not only for the French opera houses, but for those in other European countries as well. Possible pull factors for the much increased bourgeoisie demand are discussed. They include the general economic growth, stable ticket prices, technological evolution, changes in repertoire, the social identification factor, conspicuous consumption, and the new “celebrity industry.” This story is told based on primary data collected in the archives belonging to the Opéra National de Paris, Kungliga Operan in Stockholm, Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels, Teatro Regio in Turin and Königlichen Preussische Hofoper in Berlin. Secondary sources are used to describe what occurred in opera venues in London. The paper will include information on how seats were sold, who rented boxes annually, box office revenues and on the share of these revenues in the opera revenues. The study ranges from 1750–1824.
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