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- Hollman, Gunilla, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Familial hypercholesterolaemia and quality of life in family members
- 2003
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 36:5, s. 569-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAwareness of genetic disease in the family may influence quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe quality of life among nonaffected members of families with familial hypercholesterolaemia. All were aware of the risk for coronary heart disease. Their quality of life was compared with a reference group and with the patients with familial hypercholesterolesterolaemia themselves.MethodsNames of family members (n = 129) were given by the patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. A randomly selected reference group (n = 1485) and patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (n = 185) were included for comparison. They all completed the questionnaire Quality of Life Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Mastery Scale measuring coping. Family members and patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia also completed a questionnaire on health and lipids.ResultsFamily members were more satisfied with family life, mean 22.1 ± 3.5 (SD), and psychological/spiritual life, 22.9 ± 4.0, than the reference group, 21.4 ± 4.3 and 21.1 ± 4.8, respectively; this was particularly expressed among partners, P < 0.05. Of family members, 91% were anxious about the patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia developing coronary heart disease.ConclusionsFamily members have as good a quality of life as members of the reference group, but they were anxious about the patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia developing coronary heart disease.
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| 4. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking trajectories from midlife to old age and the development of non-life-threatening health problems : A 34-year prospective cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 57:2, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To examine how trajectories of smoking observed over a 34-year period, were associated with the progression of mobility impairment, musculoskeletal pain, and symptoms of psychological distress from midlife to old age. Method. The Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) were merged to create a nationally representative longitudinal sample of Swedish adults (aged 30-50 at baseline; n = 1060), with four observation periods, from 1968 through 2002. Five discrete smoking trajectory groups were treated as predictors of variation in health trajectories using multilevel regression. Results. At baseline, there were no differences in mobility impairment between smoking trajectory groups. Over time all smokers, particularly persistent and former heavy smokers, exhibited faster increases in mobility problems compared with persistent non-smokers. Additionally, all smoking groups reported more pain symptoms than the non-smokers, at baseline and over time, but most of these differences did not reach statistical significance. Persistent heavy smokers reported elevated levels of psychological distress at baseline and over time. Conclusion. Smokers, and even some former smokers, who survive into old age appear to be at increased risk for non-life-threatening conditions that can diminish quality of life and increase demands for services.
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| 5. |
- Ahacic, Kozma, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in smoking in Sweden from 1968 to 2002 : Age, period, and cohort patterns
- 2008
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 46:6, s. 558-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Smoking is related to many later life health outcomes. We examined age, period, and cohort patterns in smoking between 1968 and 2002. Methods. A nationally representative panel study allowed repeated cross-sectional comparisons of ages 18-75 (5 waves n approximate to 5000), and ages 77+ at later waves (2 waves n approximate to 500). Cross-sectional 10-year age group differences in 5 waves, time-lag differences between waves for age groups, and within-cohort differences between waves for 10-year birth cohorts were evaluated using graphs and ordered logistic regressions. Results. Age-period-cohort models suggested that period and age effects dominated smoking patterns, showing decreases over time and age. The 1935-44 and 1945-54 cohorts, however, showed lesser period decline. Moreover, men showed a period reduction of smoking rates but no age related decrease, while women showed an age related decrease but no period effect. The genders' cohort patterns were similar, with higher smoking rates in the last waves for some cohorts, for men the 1945-54 cohort and women the 1935-44 cohort. Conclusions. Cross-sectional studies of cohorts must be aware of age effects. Due to the coming of age of the 1940s' cohorts smoking may increase among women in the oldest age groups.
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| 6. |
- Bartram, Ashlea, et al.
(författare)
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Which parents provide zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents? A survey of Australian parents' practices and intentions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Zero-alcohol beverages (<0.5% alcohol by volume) appear and taste similar to alcoholic beverages but are regulated similarly to soft drinks in many countries, blurring the distinction between alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. How parents view provision of zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents is likely a key determinant of adolescent consumption. We investigated factors associated with parents' provision of zeroalcohol beverages to adolescents, including attitudes toward zero-alcohol beverages and demographic, knowledge, and behavioural factors known to be associated with provision of alcoholic beverages.Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of N = 1197 Australian parents of adolescents aged 12-17 years in April-May 2022. We examined associations with zero-alcohol beverage provision using binomial logistic regression, and with future provision intentions using multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsFactors significantly associated (p < .001) with parents' provision and future intentions to provide zeroalcohol beverages to their adolescent included beliefs that zero-alcohol beverages had benefits for adolescents (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.69 (provision); 3.72 (intentions)), provision of alcoholic beverages (AOR 2.67 (provision); 3.72 (intentions)), and an incorrect understanding of alcohol guidelines for adolescents (AOR 2.38 (provision); 1.95 (intentions)).ConclusionsParents' provision and intentions to provide zero-alcohol beverages were associated with beliefs about zero-alcohol beverages as well as some factors associated with provision of alcoholic beverages. Precautionary advice to parents that the provision of zero-alcohol beverages may serve to normalise alcohol consumption may be warranted.
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| 7. |
- Beeres, D., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Swedish school-based program “tobacco-free DUO” in a cluster randomized controlled trial (TOPAS study). Results at 2-year follow-up
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friends' and parents' tobacco use are strong predictors of tobacco uptake among adolescents, however the effectiveness of interventions based on public commitments and agreements to remain tobacco-free are not established. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the school-based Swedish program Tobacco-Free Duo (T-Duo) in preventing adolescents from initiating tobacco use (TOPAS study). T-Duo is a multi-component intervention witha formal agreement between a student and an adult partner to remain tobacco-free during the entire 3-year study period as core component. The standardized educational component of the same program was used as comparator (control). Primary outcome was the probability to “remain a non-user” of i) cigarettes and secondary outcomes ii) other types of tobacco at second (21-month) follow-up. Analysis was conducted according to Intention To Treat. In total 1776 adolescents (51% female) aged 12–13 in grade 7 from 34 participating high schools in Sweden were included at baseline in 2018, of which 1489 were retained after 21 months. The Risk Ratio (RR) of not having tried cigarettes 21-months after initiation of the intervention was 1.03(CI 0.98–1.08), Bayes Factor(BF) = 0.93, Absolute Risk Difference(ARD) = 3.1%. Similar associations were found for never smoked a whole cigarette and never use of other tobacco/nicotine products. There was a minimal reduction of tobacco use initiation among Swedish adolescents assigned to a multi-component intervention (T-Duo) compared to those assigned to standardized classroom education after 2 schoolyears. However, for most outcomes' findings were inconclusive and not reliably different from zero. Trial registration: ISRCTN5285808 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN52858080); Study protocol: DERR1-https://doi.org/10.2196/21100. Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52858080 Date: January 4, 2019, retrospectively registered. Protocol: Galanti, M.R., Pulkki-Brännström, A.-M., Nilsson, M., 2020. Tobacco-free duo adult-child contract for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents and parents: protocol for a mixed-design evaluation. JMIR Res. Protoc. 9, e21100. doi:10.2196/21100. © 2021
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| 9. |
- Berg-Beckhoff, G., et al.
(författare)
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Political stringency, infection rates, and higher education students' adherence to government measures in the Nordic countries and the UK during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding predictors of adherence to governmental measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 is fundamental to guide health communication. This study examined whether political stringency and infection rates during the first wave of the pandemic were associated with higher education students' adherence to COVID-19 government measures in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden) and the United Kingdom.Both individual- and country-level data were used in present study. An international cross-sectional subsample (n = 10,345) of higher-education students was conducted in May–June 2020 to collect individual-level information on socio-demographics, study information, living arrangements, health behaviors, stress, and COVID-19-related concerns, including adherence to government measures. Country-level data on political stringency from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and national infection rates were added to individual-level data. Multiple linear regression analyses stratified by country were conducted.Around 66% of students reported adhering to government measures, with the highest adherence in the UK (73%) followed by Iceland (72%), Denmark (69%), Norway (67%), Finland (64%) and Sweden (49%). Main predictors for higher adherence were older age, being female and being worried about getting infected with COVID-19 (individual-level), an increase in number of days since lockdown, political stringency, and information about COVID-19 mortality rates (country-level). However, incidence rate was an inconsistent predictor, which may be explained by imperfect data quality during the onset of the pandemic.We conclude that shorter lockdown periods and political stringency are associated with adherence to government measures among higher education students at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 10. |
- Berglind, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in Stockholm County : Evidence from time series models of smartphone measured daily steps data spanning over 3 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier Inc. - 1096-0260 .- 0091-7435. ; 183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been reported that physical activity levels decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies often relied on self-reported physical activity, which has low accuracy. Studies based on objectively measured physical activity have had short data collection periods, thereby not allowing the consideration of pre-pandemic levels of physical activity or the influence over the different waves of the pandemic. In this study, we utilize smartphone-measured step data from a nonprobability sample in Stockholm County, Sweden, where measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 differed from those in many other countries. The results are based on 522 individuals and 532,739 person-days with step data spanning from 2019 to 2021. Generalized additive models were fitted for each individual, and meta-regression was used to combine the results from individual models. Daily steps decreased during the first wave but increased during the third wave compared to individual pre-pandemic levels. The decrease in daily steps occurred primarily in young individuals and those with occupations allowing remote work. Individuals of retirement age on the contrary increased their daily steps during the same period. This study reveal that the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic was temporary and that younger age and the possibility of working from home were associated with a decreasing trend in physical activity. •Using mobile phone derived daily steps data over three years.•Negative influence of Covid-19-pandemic on walking steps only exists during the early stage of the pandemic.•Being younger and having the possibility of working from home are associated with fewer steps per day.•Individual modeling with meta-analysis is an ideal method for large scale physical activity studies.
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