| 1. |
- Realo, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Mind-reading ability : Beliefs and performance
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 37:5, s. 420-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Every adult possesses and uses to a various extent, a powerful tool, a theory of mind. The ability to recognize emotions, intentions, and thoughts of others is an important component of social competence. The use of personality questionnaires implies that people are aware of their personality traits, experienced emotions, values, and attitudes. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that a normal adult is aware of his or her mind-reading abilities and can estimate, in relation to the others, how good he or she is at judging other person’s traits, states of mind, emotions, and intentions. In this study we have demonstrated that a person’s beliefs about their own mind-reading ability forms a single and unitary dimension. If a person believes that he or she is competent in forming judgments about another person’s personality traits then he or she has a relatively high opinion of their abilities to read another person’s thoughts and emotions. However, the results of our research show that the self-reported mind-reading ability was not correlated with actual performance. Those who believe that they are good at reading others’ minds are generally neither (1) significantly better than the others in recognition of emotions expressed in face or speech, nor (2) superior in their estimation of the personality traits of a stranger. The self-reported mind-reading ability was correlated with personality traits but not with psychometrically measured intelligence. On the contrary, the actual mind-reading performance was correlated with IQ scores. It is discussed why individuals are relatively accurate in estimation of their own personality but lack metaknowledge about their mind-reading abilities.
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| 2. |
- Akrami, Nazar, et al.
(författare)
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Prejudice : the person in the situation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 43:5, s. 890-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two experimental studies, we created situational conditions (social norm and social threat) that altered the level of expressed prejudice in two different directions (decrease or increase). Then, we examined the stability of the relation between personality and prejudice across conditions and found that personality variables were related to prejudice in a similar way regardless of variations in prejudice level and situations. Thus, whereas situational factors affect the level of people's prejudice, personality factors stand for the rank-order stability of prejudice. The outcome is discussed in relation to the current debate on whether prejudice is best explained by personality or situational factors.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis in a representative sample of Swedish hexagenerians
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Personality Differentiation by Intelligence Hypothesis (PDIH) predicts larger trait-variances, and smaller across-trait covariances for individuals with higher intelligence. We tested these predictions using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses (MG-CFA), while controlling for the potential confound of systematic method variance related to reversed items using a correlated trait, correlated method (CTCM) approach. Participants between the ages of 62 and 68 completed measures of personality (Mini-IPIP: Donnellan et al., 2006) and intelligence (Raven APM-12: Arthur & Day, 1994). After establishing strict measurement invariance (MI), we found no support for larger variances, and only minor support for lower trait covariances as related to higher intelligence. Overall, the findings provide scant support for the PDIH when controlling for systematic method variance.
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| 4. |
- Aspernäs, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Misperceptions in a post-truth world: Effects of subjectivism and cultural relativism on bullshit receptivity and conspiracist ideation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research investigated whether belief in truth relativism yields higher receptivity to misinformation. Two studies with representative samples from Sweden (Study 1, N = 1005) and the UK (Study 2, N = 417) disentangled two forms of truth relativism: subjectivism (truth is relative to subjective intuitions) and cultural relativism (truth is relative to cultural context). In Study 1, subjectivism was more strongly associated with receptivity to pseudo-profound bullshit and conspiracy theories than cultural relativism was. In Study 2 (preregistered), subjectivism predicted higher receptivity to both forms of misinformation over and above effects of analytical and actively open-minded thinking, profoundness receptivity, ideology, and demographics; the unique effects of cultural relativism were in the opposite direction (Study 1) or non-significant (Study 2).
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| 5. |
- Deuling, Jacqueline K., et al.
(författare)
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Perceived influence in groups over time : how associations with personality and cognitive ability can change over time
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 45:6, s. 576-585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of personality and cognitive ability to predict perceptions of group influence in small work groups are assessed both in initial and advanced stages of group formation. Extraversion is found important to initial perceptions of intra-group influence, which is partially mediated by peer-perceived social-emotional usefulness. After a few months, reputations are established and everyone has met: now work needs to get done efficiently and accurately and cognitive ability predicts increases in perceived group influence, which is partially mediated by perceived intelligence. After even more time, other Big Five personality traits become important to changes in perceived group influence, with positive associations with openness to experience, and negative associations with neuroticism and conscientiousness. The study findings and implications are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Henning, Georg, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in within- and between-person associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and well-being after retirement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 79, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is associated with higher well-being. However, little is known about change or stability in this association over the life span. We therefore investigated changes in the association between well-being and basic psychological need satisfaction in the retirement transition. Data was drawn from four waves of the Health, Aging, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (N = 5,074, M (age) = 63.16; 53.61% female). Multi-level models were conducted and the analyses revealed evidence for continuity as well as systematic changes in within- and between-person associations across the retirement transition. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of applying a longitudinal design and a life span perspective on basic psychological need satisfaction.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lindström, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Low modesty linked to feeling deprived within advantaged (but not disadvantaged) groups
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing recognition that members of structurally advantaged groups experience group-based relative deprivation. We consider the idea that personality may explain these “entitlement-based” feelings of deprivation. Specifically, we predicted that modesty would be negatively associated with group-based relative deprivation among members of advantaged groups, but not amongst disadvantaged groups. Two studies focusing on White and Black Americans (N = 334), and Men and Women (N = 309) showed that modesty interacted with group membership. Modesty was negatively related to group-based relative deprivation amongst White Americans and men, but not amongst Black Americans and women. The findings help explain why some individuals espouse rhetoric that their group is being disfavored, even when group statistics and history suggest otherwise.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Artur, et al.
(författare)
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The congruency between moral foundations and intentions to donate, self-reported donations, and actual donations to charity
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 65, s. 22-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend past research on the congruency between moral foundations and morally relevant outcomes to ingroup- and outgroup-focused charitable giving. We measured intentions to donate to outgroup members (begging EU-migrants) and self-reported donations to ingroup (medical research) and outgroup (international aid) charity organizations in a heterogeneous sample (N = 1008) and actual donations to ingroup (cancer treatment) and outgroup (hunger relief) organizations in two experimental studies (N = 126; N = 200). Individualizing intuitions predicted helping in general across self-report and behavioral data. Binding intuitions predicted higher donations to ingroup causes, lower donations to outgroup causes, and less intentions to donate to outgroup members in the self-report data, and they predicted lower donations overall in the behavioral data.
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| 10. |
- Rentfrow, Jason, et al.
(författare)
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Happy States of America : A state-level analysis of psychological, economic, and social well-being
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 43:6, s. 1073-1082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-national research indicates that well-being is comparatively high in wealthy nations where importance is placed on freedom, self-expression, and independence. The present research aimed to replicate and extend previous work by examining the geographic distribution and correlates of well-being within the US. Links between the Gallup Organization’s Well-being Index and state-level indicators of wealth, class structure, education, social diversity, and personality were examined. Results suggested that residents of states with high levels of well-being were wealthier, better educated, more tolerant, and emotionally stable compared to residents of states with comparatively low levels of well-being. Analyses indicated that connections between well-being and class structure, diversity, and personality remained after controlling income. Causes and consequences of regional differences in well-being are discussed.
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