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- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility, muscular strength and endurance in the cervical spine in Swedish air force pilots
- 2001
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 72:4, s. 336-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Muscle strength, endurance and range of movement of the cervical spine in a group of Swedish Air Force jet pilots (AF) and in a reference group of conscripts doing their military service (RG) were compared. METHODS: We tested 30 (AF) 24-42 yr and 33 (RG) 19-22 yr. A questionnaire was used to document complaints. Maximum voluntary isometric muscle strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the cervical spine and sub-maximum isometric endurance in the flexor and extensor muscles were measured. RESULTS: Eleven AF (37%) and four RG (12%) had experienced discomfort in the neck within the previous year. The pilots' flexor and extensor muscle strength (47 Nm and 65 Nm) was superior to that of the conscripts (36 Nm and 59 Nm) (p = 0.0001, p = < 0.05, respectively). However, the RG group had greater isometric endurance in the flexor muscles than AF (p = < 0.05) and greater neck rotation (p = <0.005). There was no difference between the two groups in the other variables. CONCLUSION: Differences between the groups with regard to muscle strength and endurance might depend on variations in work-related physical muscle strain, and/or differences in fiber composition in the muscles, which might be reflected by pilot selection procedures.
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| 4. |
- Balldin, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Color vision with rapid-onset acceleration
- 2003
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 74:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Blogg, S. Lesley, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral blood flow velocity and psychomotor performance during acute hypoxia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 77:2, s. 107-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The physiological effects of hypoxic environments can help determine safe limits for workers where cognitive and motor performance is important. We investigated the effects of a PIO2 of 15 kPa and 10 kPa on medial cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV) and psychomotor performance. METHODS: Over 3 sessions, each involving 3 separate test batteries, 13 subjects breathed either 21 kPa PIO2 (control), 15 kPa PIO2, or 10 kPa PIO2. The tests measured reaction time, spatial orientation, voluntary repetitive movement, and fine manipulation. CBFV, PETCO2, PETO2, Sa02, and BP were recorded throughout. RESULTS: ANOVA analysis showed that 15 kPa PIO2 did not significantly change psychomotor test performance. The mean number of incorrect responses in the reaction time test significantly increased to 5.6 (SD - 4.0) while breathing 10 kPa PIO2, as did the mean number of errors (7.7 +/- 5.0) in the fine manipulation test. Only 10 kPa PIO2 affected CBFV, causing a significant increase in flow from 50 +/- 6.5 cm x s(-1) to 55 +/- 10.3 cm x s(-1). CBFV significantly increased during three psychomotor tests while breathing air; however, it did not increase further during psychomotor testing in hypoxia. DISCUSSION: A PIo2 of 15 kPa did not affect subject performance, and should not cause operational risk. At 10 kPa PIO2, accuracy and vigilance were slightly affected; however, the reduction in oxygenation was not great enough to cause major decrements. CBFV was not a good indicator of mental stress during hypoxia.
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| 8. |
- Brändström, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Hand cold recovery responses before and after 15 months of military training in a cold climate
- 2008
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 79:9, s. 904-908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The ability of fingers to rapidly rewarm following cold exposure is a possible indicator of cold injury protection. We categorized the post-cooling hand-rewarming responses of men before and after participation in 15 mo of military training in a cold environment in northern Sweden to determine: 1) if the initial rewarming category was related to the occurrence of local cold injury during training; and 2) if cold training affected subsequent hand-rewarming responses. METHODS: Immersion of the dominant hand in 10 degrees C water for 10 min was performed pre-training on 77 men. Of those, 45 were available for successful post-training retests. Infrared thermography monitored the dorsal hand during 30 min of recovery. Rewarming was categorized as normal, moderate, or slow based on mean fingertip temperature at the end of 30 min of recovery (TFinger,30) and the percentage of time that fingertips were vasodilated (%VD). RESULTS: Cold injury occurrence during training was disproportionately higher in the slow rewarmers (four of the five injuries). Post-training, baseline fingertip temperatures and cold recovery variables increased significantly in moderate and slow rewarmers: TFinger30 increased from 21.9 +/- 4 to 30.4 +/- 6 degrees C (Moderate), and from 17.4 +/- 0 to 22.3 +/- 7 degrees C (Slow); %VD increased from 27.5 +/- 16 to 65.9 +/- 34% (Moderate), and from 0.7 +/- 2 to 31.7 +/- 44% (Slow). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the cold recovery test were related to the occurrence of local cold injury during long-term cold-weather training. Cold training itself improved baseline and cold recovery in moderate and slow rewarmers.
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| 9. |
- Debevec, T, et al.
(författare)
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Normoxic and hypoxic performance following four weeks of normobaric hypoxic training
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. - : Aerospace Medical Association. - 0095-6562 .- 1943-4448. ; 81:4, s. 387-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Although training in hypoxia has been suggested to improve sea level and altitude performance, most studies have only evaluated its effect on maximal aerobic capacity in either normoxia or hypoxia. The present study evaluated the effect of a live low-train high training regimen on both normoxic and hypoxic endurance performance and aerobic capacity.METHODS:There were 18 male subjects who performed 20 training sessions in either a normoxic (F(IO2) = 0.21) or hypoxic (F(IO2) = 0.12) environment. Both the Control (N = 9) and Hypoxic (N = 9) group subjects trained at an intensity that maintained their heart rate at a level corresponding to that elicited at 50% of peak power output attained in normoxia or hypoxia, respectively. Before, during, upon completion, and 10 d after the protocol, subjects' aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) and endurance performance (80% of VO2 peak) were determined under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.RESULTS:Mean +/- SD normoxic VO2 peak increased significantly only in the Control group from 45.7 +/- 6.1 to 53.9 +/- 3.9 (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)), whereas hypoxic VO2 peak did not improve in either group. The Control group exhibited significant improvements in normoxic, but not hypoxic peak power output (PPO) and time to exhaustion, whereas the Hypoxic group only exhibited improvements in normoxic time to exhaustion. During each testing period, we also assessed pulmonary function, selected hematological variables, and anthropometry. There were no significant changes in these variables in either group after the training protocol.CONCLUSION:The hypoxic training regimen used in the present study had no significant effect on altitude and sea level performance.
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