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- Bodin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of abstinence and nonproblem drinking after 12-step treatment in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 67:1, s. 139-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to identify individual predictors of 12 months continuous abstinence and nonproblem drinking after Swedish inpatient Minnesota Model treatment and to evaluate the outcome variance explained by pretreatment, within-treatment, and posttreatment factors for each outcome, separately and in conjunction. METHOD: One-hundred and twenty-nine men and 47 women were interviewed on admission to Swedish Minnesota Model treatment and after 12 months. Two interviewers who were not involved in treatment delivery performed structured interviews. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models applied to pair-wise contrasts of three types of treatment outcome. RESULTS: The final multivariate models for the three pair-wise contrasts explained 71% (abstinence vs problem drinking), 44% (nonproblem drinking vs problem drinking), and 25% (abstinence vs. nonproblem drinking) of outcome variance. Abstention and nonproblem drinking were both differentiated from problem drinking by the completion of aftercare, satisfaction with treatment, and number of public addiction care contacts. When contrasted with nonproblem drinking, abstention was predicted by the endorsement of a baseline goal to stop drinking and a higher degree of posttreatment affiliation with mutual-help groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study support the fact that treatment is only one of many factors that contributes to an outcome and suggests issues that may need consideration in similar treatment settings.
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- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Factors affecting motivation to treatment in severely dependent alcoholics
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 61:4, s. 548-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The paper explores environmental, developmental and personality related factors as predictors of motivation to treatment for alcoholism using concepts such as social situation on admission, treatment career, age, education and adventurous patterns of behavior. Method: The original population consists of 603 severely dependent alcoholic patients (mean age 40 years, 24% women, 42% compulsorily committed). In a structural equation model estimation, 85% of the original cases were used, compulsorily as well as voluntarily admitted patients. A reduced model was tried on voluntary patients alone. Results: In the main model, pattern of behavior and age were not related to the motivation to treatment, while treatment career had some negative impact. Social problems were related to less motivation to treatment. In turn, a worse social situation was related to more treatment experience. The reduced model on voluntary patients alone confirmed the main findings, although more previous treatment tended to be related to more motivation. Conclusion: Motivation was mostly related to a better social situation, having �more to lose�. A collapse in the social situation was more an obstacle than a promoter of motivation. There was no support for statements that �maturing out� would result in more motivation and inconclusive findings concerning the impact on motivation from having many previous treatment experiences. The pattern of behavior was not directly related to the level of motivation. Based on these findings, the relevance of social work for motivation to treatment is discussed.
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- Giesbrecht, N., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in public opinion on alcohol policy measures : Ontario 1989-1998
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 62:2, s. 142-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:This article presents trend data concerning public opinion on alcohol policy in the Canadian province of Ontario over a 10-year period (1989-98), highlights the currently debated issue of private venues for retail alcohol sales and assesses correspondence between public opinion and actual and proposed policy decisions.METHOD:Selected policy-related items from nine probability surveys on representative samples of male and female Ontario adults (range of unweighted n 's: 953 to 1,947) were analyzed by means of logistic regression.RESULTS:We found strong support for the status quo for a number of items, including beer and liquor store hours, corner store sales and taxes. Across all years, less than 6% of the total sample wanted to lower the legal drinking age. Over time, a linear trend showed a gradual but not entirely consistent development of attitudes among the Ontario public, favoring relaxation of some controls. However, contrary to this trend, disapproval of retail sales in corner stores increased significantly from 1992 to 1996. Demographic breakdown shows that relaxation of controls is most favored by those who report consumption of five or more drinks per occasion at least weekly over the past 12 months, and most strongly opposed by women and nondrinkers. Of those who seldom or never consume five or more drinks per occasion, the majority express satisfaction with the status quo.CONCLUSIONS:These data call into question the suitability of changes in alcohol policy that would diminish controls. It is of particular interest that there seems to be little public support for privatization proposals in the province. Public opinion against comer store sales of alcoholic beverages increased over time.
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| 8. |
- Mäkelä, Klaus, 1939-2013, et al.
(författare)
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Typologies of the cultural position of drinking
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - : Rutgers University Press. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 61:3, s. 475-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Typologies of the cultural position of drinking from the social science literature are reviewed.METHOD: The article reviews significant studies and literature on the topic.RESULTS: Starting in the 1940s, two research traditions considered variations in the cultural position of drinking as explanations of rates of drinking problems. A "holocultural" tradition coded and analyzed ethnographic data on tribal and village societies, starting in the 1940s, with each study identifying a different social dimension as crucial. A "sociocultural" tradition distinguished abstinent cultures from prescriptive cultures, in which drinking was integrated with daily life, and expected, but drunkenness was prohibited. These types were implicitly contrasted with American drinking, which was variously characterized. Other dimensional and typological approaches in the literature are considered, including a little-known Jellinek typology. Problems with the widely used distinction between "wetter" and "drier" (or "temperance") cultures are discussed.CONCLUSIONS: Four ideal types of the cultural position of drinking can be readily distinguished: abstinent societies, constrained ritual drinking, banalized drinking and fiesta drunkenness. A large residual category remains, however, and a dimensional approach to typology building may be more fruitful. Two basic dimensions are proposed--regularity of drinking and extent of drunkenness--and further dimensions are described that may be added to fit the requirements of the particular study.
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