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| 2. |
- Bylund, Emanuel, 1979-
(författare)
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Language attrition
- 2010
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Ingår i: Language. - 0097-8507 .- 1535-0665. ; 88:4
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carling, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing the Evolution of Indo-European Grammar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Language. - : Project Muse. - 0097-8507 .- 1535-0665. ; 97:3, s. 561-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses phylogenetic methods adopted from computational biology in order to reconstruct features of Proto-Indo-European morphosyntax. We estimate the probability of the presence of typological features in Proto-Indo-European on the assumption that these features change according to a stochastic process governed by evolutionary transition rates between them. We compare these probabilities to previous reconstructions of Proto-Indo-European morphosyntax, which use either the comparative-historical method or implicational typology. We find that our reconstruction yields strong support for a canonical model (synthetic, nominative-accusative, headfinal) of the protolanguage and low support for any alternative model. Observing the evolutionary dynamics of features in our data set, we conclude that morphological features have slower rates of change, whereas syntactic traits change faster. Additionally, more frequent, unmarked traits in grammatical hierarchies have slower change rates when compared to less frequent, marked ones, which indicates that universal patterns of economy and frequency impact language change within the family
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| 5. |
- Coppock, E., et al.
(författare)
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Universals in superlative semantics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Language. - : Project Muse. - 0097-8507 .- 1535-0665. ; 96:3, s. 471-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports on the results of a broad crosslinguistic study on the semantics of quantity words such as many in the superlative (e.g. most). While some languages use such a form to express both a relative reading (as in Gloria has visited the most continents) and a proportional reading (as in Gloria has visited most continents), the vast majority do not allow the latter, though all allow the former. It is argued that a degree-quantifier analysis of quantity words is best suited to explain why proportional readings typically do not arise for quantity superlatives. Based on morphosyntactic evidence, two alternative diachronic pathways through which proportional quantifiers may develop from quantity superlatives are identified. © 2020, Linguistic Society of America. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Downing, Laura J., 1954
(författare)
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Review of "Revealing structure: Papers in honor of Larry M. Hyman."
- 2020
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Ingår i: Language. - : Project Muse. - 0097-8507 .- 1535-0665. ; 96:3, s. 718-723
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a review of a book collecting papers in honor of Larry M. Hyman. The topics of the papers cover aspects of the phonology, morphology and phonetics of various African and other languages.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Dunn, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Dative sickness : Aphylogenetic analysis of argument structure evolution in Germanic
- 2017
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Ingår i: Language. - : Project Muse. - 0097-8507 .- 1535-0665. ; 93:1, s. E1-E22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major argument against the feasibility of reconstructing syntax for proto-stages is the widely discussed lack of directionality of syntactic change. In a recent typology of changes in argument structure constructions based on Germanic (Barodal 2015), several different, yet opposing, changes are reported. These include, among others, processes sometimes called dative sickness, nominative sickness, and accusative sickness. In order to tease apart the roles of the different processes, we have carried out a phylogenetic trait analysis on a predefined data set of twelve predicates found across the Germanic phyla using the MULTISTATE method. This is, as far as we are aware, the first application of the MULTISTATE method (Pagel et al. 2004) in historical syntax. The results clearly favor one of the models, the dative sickness model, over any other model, as this model is the only one that can accurately account for both the observed diversity of case frames and the independently proposed philological reconstructions. Methods of evolutionary trait analysis can be used to model evolutionary paths of argument structure constructions, and they provide the perfect testing ground for hypotheses arrived at through philological reconstruction, based on classical historical-comparative methods.
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| 10. |
- Dunn, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Structural phylogeny in historical linguistics : methodological explorations applied in Island Melanesia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Language. - : Linguistic Society of America. - 0097-8507 .- 1535-0665. ; 84:4, s. 710-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using various methods derived from evolutionary biology, including maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, we tackle the question of the relationships among a group of Papuan isolate languages that have hitherto resisted accepted attempts at demonstration of interrelatedness. Instead of using existing vocabulary-based methods, which cannot be applied to these languages due to the paucity of shared lexemes, we created a database of STRUCTURAL FEATURES — abstract phonological and grammatical features apart from their form. The methods are first tested on the closely related Oceanic languages spoken in the same region as the Papuan languages in question. We find that using biological methods on structural features can recapitulate the results of the comparative method tree for the Oceanic languages, thus showing that structural features can be a valid way of extracting linguistic history. Application of the same methods to the otherwise unrelatable Papuan languages is therefore likely to be similarly valid. Because languages that have been in contact for protracted periods may also converge, we outline additional methods for distinguishing convergence from inherited relatedness.
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