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- Andresen, E., et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial contamination and over-dilution of commercial infant formula prepared by HIV-Infected mothers in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme, South Africa
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-6338 .- 1465-3664. ; 53:6, s. 409-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the safety of formula feeds used by mothers participating in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme, contents of 94 feeding bottles collected at a PMTCT-clinic were analysed. An additional 17 samples were taken from already prepared feeds during home visits, as well as 21 samples from bottles prepared under observation. Living conditions and educational levels were overall good and mothers had been counselled on safe formula preparation. Samples were analysed for faecal bacteria, using Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. as indicators. Protein concentration was used as an indicator of concentration of the formula. Out of 94, 63 (67) of samples obtained at the clinic and 13/16 (81) of available home samples were contaminated with faecal bacteria, compared to 8/21 (38) of those prepared under observation. Out of 94, 58 (62) of the clinic samples containing E. coli and 23/94 (24) of those containing Enterococcus sp. were contaminated with more than the US government recommended limit of 10 CFU/ml. Out of 94, 26 (28) of samples obtained at the clinic, 8/17 (47) of home samples and 3/21 (14) of those prepared under observation were over-diluted, compared to standards. Many mothers did not follow recommended practices in preparing and feeding the bottles.
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| 8. |
- Esamai, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of brain, core and skin temperature in children with complicated and uncomplicated malaria
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-6338 .- 1465-3664. ; 47:3, s. 170-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prospective study was carried out in which brain, core and skin temperatures were studied in children with cerebral malaria (n = 23), uncomplicated malaria (n = 12) and normal children (n = 9) using the zero heat flow method. Patients with cerebral or uncomplicated malaria were admitted to the paediatric wards (mean age, 6 years 8 months ± 2 years 8 months). Normal children, children of the investigators, of the same age group, served as controls. Parasitaemia levels were similar in the cerebral and uncomplicated malaria cases. Higher brain than core temperatures would have been expected in cerebral malaria but not in uncomplicated malaria but this was not the case in this study. There was no statistical difference in brain, core and skin temperature between cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients. However, there was a highly significant difference between normal children and cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients. Brain temperature was 0.02–0.2°C below core temperature in all the groups with larger differences during the febrile period. Mean differences of brain minus core, brain minus skin and core minus skin between the two groups of patients were not statistically significant. There was no correlation between temperature and the level of coma or parasitaemia for cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients. There was a positive correlation between brain and core temperature in both groups of patients during the febrile phase. Brain temperature remained lower than core temperature in cerebral and uncomplicated malaria as in normal children. Normal thermoregulation appears to be maintained in cerebral malaria.
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- Esamai, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral malaria in children : Serum and cerebrospinal fluid TNF-α and TGF-ß levels and their relationship to clinical outcome
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-6338 .- 1465-3664. ; 49:4, s. 216-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This was a prospective study conducted at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. Twenty‐three children admitted to the hospital with cerebral (CM) and 10 children with noncerebral malaria (NCM) were studied. The aim of the study was to establish and compare levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) in these children. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels were assayed using ELISA kits. In serum, TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α decreased over 5 days after admission to the hospital in both groups of patients with CM and NCM. In the CSF of cerebral cases the levels of TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 were low and inversely related. Children in deeper coma had lower levels in serum of TGF‐β and higher levels of TNF‐α than those in lighter levels of coma. The serum TNF‐α levels in CM children were the same irrespective of the duration of illness before admission, but children with NCM who had been sick for a shorter duration before admission tended to have higher serum levels of TNF‐α and higher levels of TGF‐β than those with a longer duration of illness before admission. In conclusion, this study shows that TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 may not be useful in predicting the outcome for CM. They may, however, be useful in detecting children at risk of developing deep coma. TNF‐α and TGF‐β levels were inversely related both in serum and CSF.
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- Gómez-Pérez, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Atherogenic indices in pediatric population in South-Southeast region of Mexico
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0142-6338 .- 1465-3664. ; 68:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease, highly predictable, and associated with different atherogenic indices (AI) in adults. However, such indexes in the pediatric population are far less explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the AI and the cardiovascular factors in the pediatric population in the South-Southeast of Mexico.Methods: A total of 481 children between 2 and 17 years old were recruited. Anthropometric evaluation, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured, and AI were calculated. The population was grouped by age, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analysis for associations of AI and cardiovascular risk factors. Sensibility and specificity of AI to detect metabolic alteration were evaluated for curve ROC.Results: The atherogenic risk presented a high prevalence in the pediatric population, such as LDL-c/ApoB (86.9%), AIP (78%) and AC (36.6%). Preschoolers showed a higher risk of ApoB/ApoA-I and ApoB/LDL-c, while adolescents have a high risk of AIP. CRI-I and AC were associated with elements of lipid profile and body mass index (BMI). ROC curves analysis shows that AIP is the best index evaluating metabolic syndrome (MS) (0.87) and dyslipidemia (0.91).Conclusion: Such pediatric population showed a high risk of AI, mainly by LDL-c/ApoB and AIP. The BMI was the cardiovascular risk factors most frequently related to AI, AIP is the best index for detecting cases of MS and dyslipidemia. This is the first study carried out in the pediatric population from the South-Southeast of Mexico that evaluated the AI.
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