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1.
  • Elliott, D. C., et al. (författare)
  • Technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction to transportation fuels
  • 1990
  • Ingår i: Biomass. - 0144-4565. ; 22:1-4, s. 251-269
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper discusses the results of a technoeconomic assessment of direct biomass liquefaction processes converting wood to gasoline and diesel fuels. The study was carried out by the Working Group of the International Energy Agency Direct Biomass Liquefaction Activity, in which Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the US participated. The processes chosen for detailed analysis were Atmospheric Flash Pyrolysis (AFP) and Liquefaction In Pressurized Solvent (LIPS). The assessment covered three steps for each process from feed to final product: 1. 1. primary liquefaction to a crude oil product, 2. 2. catalytic hydrotreating to upgrade the crude product to a deoxygenated product oil, 3. 3. refining the deoxygenated product to gasoline and diesel fuel. Present technology cases and potential future technology cases were evaluated. A consistent analytical basis was used throughout to allow comparison of the processes. This assessment shows that AFP is more economical than LIPS both for the production of boiler fuel oil as the primary liquefaction product and for the production of gasoline and diesel fuel products. The potential for future cost reduction through research and development is also clearly demonstrated.
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2.
  • Gunnarson, S., et al. (författare)
  • Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) for biogas production
  • 1985
  • Ingår i: Biomass. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-4565. ; 7:2, s. 85-97
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The above-ground growth (stems and foliage) of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) was studied in field experiments in Sweden during 1981 to 1983, in order to investigate the possibility of producing biogas from biomass. Dry matter yields of three varieties were determined at four different harvesting times. The yields varied between 7 and 16 tons of dry matter per hectare. Anaerobic digestion experiments showed that fresh and ensiled above-ground parts of the plant could produce 480-680 litres biogas per kg organic material. The chemical composition of the plant material was determined before and after digestion. An analysis confirmed that economic biogas production from above-ground parts of Jerusalem artichoke is possible under certain conditions. © 1985.
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