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- Subramaniam, Vimala Devi, et al.
(författare)
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Health hazards of nanoparticles: understanding the toxicity mechanism of nanosized ZnO in cosmetic products
- 2019
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Ingår i: Drug and chemical toxicology (New York, N.Y. 1978). - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0148-0545 .- 1525-6014. ; 42:1, s. 84-93
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, nanoparticles are being used extensively in personal healthcare products such as cosmetics, sunscreens, soaps, and shampoos. Particularly, metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining competence as key industrial constituents, progressing toward a remarkable rise in their applications. Zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles are the most commonly employed metal oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens, ointments, foot care, and over the counter topical products. Dermal exposure to these metal oxides predominantly occurs through explicit use of cosmetic products and airway exposure to nanoparticle dusts is primarily mediated via occupational exposure. There is a compelling need to understand the toxicity effects of nanoparticles which can easily enter the cells and induce oxidative stress. Consequently, these products have become a direct source of pollution in the environment and thereby greatly impact our ecosystem. A complete understanding of the toxicity mechanism of nano-ZnO is intended to resolve whether and to what extent such nanoparticles may pose a threat to the environment and to human beings. In this review article, we have discussed the characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles and its applications in the cosmetic industry. We have also highlighted about their toxicity effects and their impact on human health.
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| 2. |
- Suljević, Damir, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing chromium toxicity across aquatic and terrestrial environments : a cross-species review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Drug and chemical toxicology (New York, N.Y. 1978). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0148-0545 .- 1525-6014.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromium (cr) toxicity, even at low concentrations, poses a significant health threat to various environmental species. Cr is found in the environment in two oxidation states that differ in their bioavailability and toxicity. While cr(iii) is essential for glucose metabolism, the oxyanion chromate cr(vi) is mostly of anthropogenic origin, toxic, and carcinogenic. The sources of cr in the environment are multiple, including geochemical processes, disposal of industrial waste, and industrial wastewater. Cr pollution may consequently impact the health of numerous plant and animal species. Despite that, the number of published studies on cr toxicity across environmental species remained mainly unchanged over the past two decades. The presence of cr in the environment affects several plant physiological processes, including germination or photosynthesis, and consequently impacts growth, and lowers agricultural production and quality. Recent research has also reported the toxic effects of cr in different aquatic and terrestrial organisms. whereas some species showed sensitivity, others exhibited tolerance. Hence, this review discusses the understanding of the ecotoxicological effect of cr on different plant and animal groups and serves as a concise source of consolidated information and a valuable reference for researchers and policymakers in an understanding of cr toxicity. Future directions should focus on expanding research efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying species-specific responses to cr pollution.
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| 4. |
- Rydhmer, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Genotype and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) on milk yield of Ankole and its crossbreeds in Rwanda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 98, s. 352-352
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The trend in crossbreeding the indigenous and resilient “Ankole” cattle with imported high performant breeds in Rwanda, believed to boost milk production while tempering on adaptive traits to local environment, leaves cautions on a profiling “genetic erosion” of Ankole. It is uncertain establishing whether new crossbreeds would acquire necessary resilience to parasites and climate stressors, where access to data records is unfordable. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental effect on milk yield (MY) in Ankole and its crossbreeds (with Holstein Frisian-AF, Jersey-AJ and Sahiwal-AS). Data of daily MY (61984 records; n = 188 cows), ambient temperature and relative humidity have been recorded from 2 research farms (Rubona-2.5536’ S, 29.6014’ and Songa-2.24’S, 29.46’E) located in the mid-altitude zone (1400–1500 m.a.s.l), on a period of 4 years (2014–2017). Fixed effects of Temperature-Humidity Index (THI, measure of Heat Stress), parity, genotype and station on MY have been investigated, using a General Linear Model (Y = μ+ p + g + s + rTHI + ℮; SAS 9.4). Results indicated an overall negative effect of THI threshold values on ML (P > 0.0001), with an aggregate decline slope of 0.12kg/day/THI. Ankole breed showed a lower ML decline slope (0.02 kg/day/THI) after the THI threshold of 75, suggesting its ability to resist in heat stress with relatively milder effect on its daily milk yield. However, although with important MY loss induced by THI as compared to Ankole, results suggested the ability of crossbreeds to withstand higher levels of THI thresholds evaluated at 76 with a decline slope of 0.08kg/day/THI and 0.12kg/day/THI, respectively for AH and AJ, while THI thresholds for AS was found at 77 (0.12kg/day/THI). The observed relative resistance of Ankole crossbreds to higher heat stress levels would suggest a possible heterosis effect.
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