| 1. |
- Kurkus, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Biocompatibility of a novel avidin-agarose adsorbent for extracorporeal removal of redundant radiopharmaceutical from the blood.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X .- 1525-1594. ; 31:3, s. 208-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in cytotoxic conjugates (radionuclides, toxins, or drugs) for targeting tumor cells is restricted due to toxicity in vital organs. Through improved tumor targeting, it is possible to administer larger amounts of such labeled MAbs, thus improving the ability to eradicate tumor cells without increased normal organ toxicity. Extracorporeal affinity adsorption treatment (ECAT) has therefore been developed using an avidin-agarose (AA) adsorbent with high binding affinity for the biotinylated radiolabeled MAb, rituximab. During ECAT, excess radioimmunoconjugates, not bound to the tumor cells, can be removed improving tumor targeting. The present study was performed to estimate the biocompatibility of the AA adsorber. Seven patients with B-cell lymphoma not responding to conventional treatment were studied. During the ECAT procedure, blood (B) components, plasma (P) complement fragments C3a, C5a, and P-bradykinin were analyzed, and other laboratory tests were carried out. Slight decreases in B-hemoglobin (8.3%), B-thrombocytes (11.4%), and P-albumin (14.3%) were observed, and could be explained by the dilution of the blood with normal saline and acid citrate dextrose. The AA adsorbent had no effect on the blood cells, immunological status or P-bradykinin level. The AA adsorber demonstrated good hemocompatibility and biocompatibility, without any side effects in the patients.
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| 2. |
- Mårtensson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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A nonsurgical technique for blood access in extracorporeal affinity adsorption of antibodies in rats.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X .- 1525-1594. ; 31:4, s. 312-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoclonal antibodies for targeting cytotoxic conjugates to tumor cells are currently being evaluated together with extracorporeal affinity adsorption. The aim of the adsorption was to reduce undesired side effects in normal organs and to increase the tumor-to-normal tissue ratios. This technique is also applicable to several other therapeutic areas such as immune-mediated disorders, that is, autoimmunity, allergy, and transplantation rejection. We describe an improved technique for extracorporeal affinity adsorption of radiolabeled biotinylated antibodies in rats. Blood access is established through the tail artery and tail vein, without surgical insertion of permanent catheters. This technique is simple, does not require surgery, and causes only minimal stress to the animals. In addition, experiments can be carried out on several animals simultaneously. This new technique is of considerable benefit for studying extracorporeal affinity adsorption in rats, as experiments can be carried out with negligible anatomical and physiological interventions, compared to previously used techniques.
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| 3. |
- Wallmark, A, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of extracorporeal on-line large-scale plasma adsorptions on protein A-sepharose columns in cancer patients
- 1984
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Ingår i: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X .- 1525-1594. ; 8:1, s. 72-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The feasibility of extracorporeal adsorption of 1.5-3 L plasma on protein A-Sepharose was investigated in six patients with advanced cancer. Anticoagulation with heparin was associated with respiratory distress syndrome in two patients, most likely caused by complement activation as indicated by a transient leukopenia during plasma reinfusion and appearance of C3 degradation products in the extracorporeal circulation. Addition of citrate abolished the respiratory symptoms, C3 degradation, and leukopenia, and no adverse reactions were observed. No objective tumor regression was observed in any of the patients. Three patients progressed during therapy. In one of these, multifocal central tumor necrosis was observed as a possible, although unproven, therapeutic effect. Increased natural killer and/or killer cell activities were recorded in three patients and increased complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity in one patient. The level of circulating immune complexes decreased significantly (18-28%) in three patients studied. It is concluded that extracorporeal plasma adsorption on protein A-Sepharose is feasible when citrate is added to the extracorporeal system, but its therapeutic efficacy is uncertain.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Forsberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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A high blood level in the air trap reduces microemboli during hemodialysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X .- 1525-1594. ; 36:6, s. 525-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of air microemboli in the dialysis circuit and in the venous circulation of the patients during hemodialysis. In vitro studies indicate that a high blood level in the venous air trap reduces the extent of microbubble formation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether air microbubbles can be detected in the patient's access and if so, whether the degree of microbubble formation can be altered by changing the blood level in the venous air trap. This was a randomized, double-blinded, interventional study of 20 chronic hemodialysis patients. The patients were assigned to hemodialysis with either an elevated or a low blood level in the air trap. The investigator and the patient were blinded to the settings. The numbers of microbubbles were measured at the site of the arteriovenous (AV) access for 2 min with the aid of an ultrasonic Doppler device. The blood level in the air trap was then altered to the opposite setting and a new measurement was carried out after an equilibration period of 30 min. Median (range) for the number of microbubbles measured with the high air trap level and the low air trap level in AV access was 2.5 (0-80) compared with 17.5 (0-77), respectively (P = 0.044). The degree of microbubble formation in hemodialysis patients with AV access was reduced significantly if the blood level in the air trap was kept high. The exposure of potentially harmful air microbubbles was thereby significantly reduced. This measure can be performed with no additional healthcare cost.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Response to letter to the editor.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Artif Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X. ; 31:12, s. 913-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Kerby, Alan, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoisolation of Islets in High Guluronic Acid Barium-Alginate Microcapsules Does Not Improve Graft Outcome at the Subcutaneous Site
- 2012
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Ingår i: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X .- 1525-1594. ; 36:6, s. 564-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The survival and function of alginate microencapsulated islets is suboptimal when transplanted to the intraperitoneal site of diabetic animals. The large capacity and convenience of the subcutaneous site make it an appropriate and attractive alternative for microencapsulated grafts. Nonencapsulated and high guluronic acid barium-alginate microencapsulated islets were transplanted to the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous sites of diabetic mice. Microencapsulation improved graft success up to 28 days at the intraperitoneal site but not at the subcutaneous site. Samples of microencapsulated islets transplanted into normoglycemic mice confirmed that insulin secretion, insulin content, and adenosine triphosphate content were reduced more significantly in subcutaneous graft islets than intraperitoneal graft islets after 7 days. In addition, a greater proportion of dead cells were observed in the subcutaneous graft islets than in intraperitoneal graft islets after 28 days. We conclude that using alginate microencapsulated islets transplanted to the unmodified subcutaneous site is insufficient to reverse the diabetic state. This finding is likely to be related to the inability of the site to support islet function and viability.
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