| 1. |
- Bardeen, Marjorie G., et al.
(författare)
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Particle Physics Outreach to Secondary Education
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. - : Annual Reviews. - 0163-8998 .- 1545-4134. ; 61, s. 149-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review summarizes exemplary secondary education and outreach programs of the particle physics community. We examine programs from the following areas: research experiences, high-energy physics data for students, informal learning for students, instructional resources, and professional development. We report findings about these programs' impact on students and teachers and provide suggestions for practices that create effective programs from those findings. We also include some methods for assessing programs.
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| 2. |
- Bijnens, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Mesonic Low-Energy Constants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. - : Annual Reviews. - 1545-4134 .- 0163-8998. ; 64, s. 149-174
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the status of the coupling constants of chiral Lagrangians in the meson sector, the so-called low-energy constants (LECs). We emphasize the chiral SU(2) and SU(3) Lagrangians for the strong interactions of light mesons and discuss the theoretical and experimental input for determining the corresponding LECs. In the two-flavor sector, we review the knowledge of the O(p(4)) LECs from both continuum fits and lattice QCD analyses. For chiral SU(3), next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) effects play a much greater role. Our main new results are fits of the LECs L-i at both next-to-leading order (NLO) and NNLO, making extensive use of the available knowledge of NNLO LECs. We compare our results with available lattice determinations. We then discuss resonance saturation of LECs and the convergence of chiral SU(3) to NNLO. Finally, we review the status of predictions for the LECs of chiral Lagrangians with dynamical photons and leptons.
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| 3. |
- Boveia, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Dark matter searches at colliders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. - : Annual Reviews. - 0163-8998 .- 1545-4134. ; 68, s. 429-459
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colliders, among the most successful tools of particle physics, have revealed much about matter. This review describes how colliders contribute to the search for particle dark matter, focusing on the highest-energy collider currently in operation, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the absence of hints about the character of interactions between dark matter and standard matter, this review emphasizes what could be observed in the near future, presents the main experimental challenges, and discusses how collider searches fit into the broader field of dark matter searches. Finally, it highlights a few areas to watch for the future LHC program.
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| 4. |
- Goobar, Ariel, et al.
(författare)
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Supernova Cosmology : Legacy and Future
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. - : Annual Reviews. - 0163-8998 .- 1545-4134. ; 61, s. 251-279
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of dark energy by the first generation of high-redshift supernova surveys has generated enormous interest beyond cosmology and has dramatic implications for fundamental physics. Distance measurements using supernova explosions are the most direct probes of the expansion history of the universe, making them extremely useful tools with which to study the cosmic fabric and the properties of gravity at the largest scales. The past decade has seen confirmation of the original results. Type Ia supernovae are among the leading techniques to obtain high-precision measurements of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter and, in the near future, its time dependence. The success of these efforts depends on our ability to understand a large number of effects, mostly of an astrophysical nature, that influence the observed flux at Earth. The frontier now lies in understanding whether the observed phenomenon is due to vacuum energy, despite its unnatural density, or some exotic new physics. Future surveys will address the systematic effects with improved calibration procedures and will provide thousands of supernovae for detailed studies.
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| 5. |
- Lindroos, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Beta Beams
- 2010
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. - : Annual Reviews. - 1545-4134 .- 0163-8998. ; 60, s. 299-325
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultimate goal of neutrino oscillation physics is the search for leptonic CP violation, which will require neutrino beams that are much more intense and pure than those used in present experiments. Beta beams are an attractive innovative possibility in this direction. Neutrinos are generated by the beta decays of radioactive nuclei and are accelerated at very high energies. The resulting neutrino beam consists of only one easily predictable flavor of neutrinos (nu(e) or (nu) over bar (e)). A realistic beta beam design, which has already been demonstrated by the Eurisol Design Study, is based on CERN's PS and SPS accelerators. The beta beam concept has also been extended in several other directions, including high energy, high Q, electron capture, and low energy. Both the accelerator complex and the physics potential of a neutrino experiment are reviewed here. We emphasize the beta beam design based on the CERN PS and SPS, but we also discuss other possibilities.
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