| 1. |
- Höst, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Code Review Methods through Interviews and Experimentation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 52:2-3, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a study where the effects of introducing code reviews in an organisational unit have been evaluated. The study was performed in an ongoing commercial project, mainly through interviews with developers and an experiment where the effects of introducing code reviews were measured. Two different checklist-based review methods have been evaluated. The objectives of the study are to analyse the effects of introducing code reviews in the organisational unit and to compare the two methods. The results indicate that many of the faults that normally are found in later test phases or operation are instead found in code reviews, but no difference could be found between the two methods. The results of the study are considered positive and the organisational unit has continued to work with code reviews.
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| 2. |
- Höst, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Bottlenecks in Market-Driven Requirements Management Processes with Discrete Event Simulation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 59:3, s. 323-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study where a market-driven requirements management process is simulated. In market-driven software development, generic software packages are released to a market with many customers. New requirements are continuously issued, and the objective of the requirements management process is to elicit, manage, and prioritize the requirements. In the presented study, a specific requirements management process is modelled using discrete event simulation, and the parameters of the model are estimated based on interviews with people from the specific organisation where the process is used. Based on the results from simulations, conditions that result in an overload situation are identified. Simulations are also used to find process change proposals that can result in a non-overloaded process. The risk of overload can be avoided if the capacity of the requirements management process is increased, or if the number of incoming requirements is decreased, for example, through early rejection of low-priority requirements.
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| 3. |
- Petersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Capture-Recapture in Software Inspections after 10 Years Research : Theory, Evaluation and Application.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 72:2, s. 249-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software inspection is a method to detect faults in the early phases of the software life cycle. In order to estimate the number of faults not found, capture-recapture was introduced for software inspections in 1992 to estimate remaining faults after an inspection. Since then, several papers have been written in the area, concerning the basic theory, evaluation of models and application of the method. This paper summarizes the work made in capture-recapture for software inspections during these years. Furthermore, and more importantly, the contribution of the papers are classified as theory, evaluation or application, in order to analyse the performed research as well as to highlight the areas of research that need further work. It is concluded that (1) most of the basic theory is investigated within biostatistics, (2) most software engineering research is performed on evaluation, a majority ending up in recommendation of the Mh-JK model, and (3) there is a need for application experiences. In order to support the application, an inspection process is presented with decision points based on capture-recapture estimates.
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| 4. |
- Regnell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Towards integration of use case modelling and usage-based testing
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 50:2, s. 117-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on usage modelling as a basis for both requirements engineering (RE) and testing, and investigates the possibility of integrating the two disciplines of use case modelling (UCM) and statistical usage testing (SUT). The paper investigates the conceptual framework for each discipline, and discusses how they can be integrated to form a seamless transition from requirements models to test models for reliability certification. Two approaches for such an integration are identified: integration by model transformation and integration by model extension. The integration approaches are illustrated through an example, and advantages as well as disadvantages of each approach are discussed. Based on the fact that the two disciplines have models with common information and similar structure, it is argued that an integration may result in coordination benefits and reduced costs. Several areas of further research are identified.
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| 5. |
- Thelin, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Applying sampling to improve software inspections
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 73:2, s. 257-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of software inspections is to find faults in software documents. The benefits of inspections are reported from researchers as well as software organizations. However, inspections are time consuming and the resources may not be sufficient to inspect all documents. Sampling of documents in inspections provides a systematic solution to select what to be inspected in the case resources are not sufficient to inspect everything. The method presented in this paper uses sampling, inspection and resource scheduling to increase the efficiency of an inspection session. A pre-inspection phase is used in order to determine which documents need most inspection time, i.e. which documents contain most faults. Then, the main inspection is focused on these documents. We describe the sampling method and provide empirical evidence, which indicates that the method is appropriate to use. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the proposed method and a case study using industrial data is used to validate the simulation model. Furthermore, we discuss the results and important future research in the area of sampling of software inspections.
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| 6. |
- Thelin, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimations of fault content with capture-recapture and detection profile estimators
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 52:2, s. 139-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspections are widely used in the software engineering community as efficient contributors to reduced fault content and improved product understanding. In order to measure and control the effect and use of inspections, the fault content after an inspection must be estimated. The capture-recapture method, with its origin in biological sciences, is a promising approach for estimation of the remaining fault content in software artefacts. However, a number of empirical studies show that the estimates are neither accurate nor robust. In order to find robust estimates, i.e., estimates with small bias and variations, the adherence to the prerequisites for different estimation models is investigated. The basic hypothesis is that a model should provide better estimates the closer the actual sample distribution is to the model's theoretical distribution. Firstly, a distance measure is evaluated and secondly a X2-based procedure is applied. Thirdly, smoothing algorithms are tried out, e.g., mean and median values of the estimates from a number of estimation models. Based on two different inspection experiments, we conclude that it is not possible to show a correlation between adherence to the model's theoretical distributions and the prediction capabilities of the models. This indicates that there are other factors that affect the estimation capabilities more than the prerequisites. Neither does the investigation point out any specific model to be superior. On the contrary, the Mh-JK model, which has been shown as the best alternative in a prior study, is inferior in this study. The most robust estimations are achieved by the smoothing algorithms.
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| 7. |
- Wohlin, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for Industrial Relevance in Software Engineering Education
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 49:2-3, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a collection of experiences related to success factors in graduate and postgraduate education. The experiences are mainly concerned with how to make the education relevant from an industrial viewpoint. This is emphasized as a key issue in software engineering education and research, as the main objective is to give the students a good basis for large-scale software development in an industrial environment. The presentation is divided into experiences at the graduate and postgraduate levels, respectively. For each level a number of strategies to achieve industrial relevance are presented. On the graduate level a course in large-scale software development is described to exemplify how industrial relevance can be achieved on the graduate level. The strategies on the postgraduate level have been successful, but it is concluded that more can be done regarding industrial collaboration in the planning and conduction of experiments and case studies. Another interesting strategy for the future is a special postgraduate program for people employed in industry.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Overview and industrial application of code generator generators
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 32:3, s. 185-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past 10 to 15 years, there has been active research in the area of automatically generating the code generator part of compilers from formal specifications. However, little has been reported on the application of these systems in an industrial setting. This paper attempts to fill this gap, in addition to providing a tutorial overview of the most well-known methods. Four systems for automatic generation of code generators are described in this paper. CGSS, BEG, TWIG and BURG. CGSS is an older Graham-Glanville style system based on pattern matching through parsing, whereas BEG, TWIG, and BURG are more recent systems based on tree pattern matching combined with dynamic programming. An industrial-strength code generator previously implemented for a special-purpose language using the CGSS system is described and compared in some detail to our new implementation based on the BEG system. Several problems of integrating local and global register allocations within automatically generated code generators are described, and some solutions are proposed. In addition, the specification of a full code generator for SUN SPARC with register windows using the BEG system is described. We finally conclude that current technology of automatically generating code generators is viable in an industrial setting. However, further research needs to be done on the problem of properly integrating register allocation and instruction scheduling with instruction selection, when both are generated from declarative specifications.
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Erik
(författare)
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Designing electronic reference documentation for software component libraries
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 68:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary software development is based on global sharing of software component libraries. As a result, programmers spend much time reading reference documentation rather than writing code, making library reference documentation a central programming tool. Traditionally, reference documentation is designed for textbooks even though it may be distributed online. However, the computer provides new dimensions of change, evolution, and adaptation that can be utilized to support efficiency and quality in software development. What is difficult to determine is how the electronic text dimensions best can be utilized in library reference documentation. This article presents a study of the design of electronic reference documentation for software component libraries. Results are drawn from a study in an industrial environment based on the use of an experimental electronic reference documentation (called Dynamic Javadoc or DJavadoc) used in a real-work situation for 4 months. The results from interviews with programmers indicate that the electronic library reference documentation does not require adaptation or evolution on an individual level. More importantly, reference documentation should facilitate the transfer of code from documentation to source files and also support the integration of multiple documentation sources.
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| 10. |
- Fritzson, Peter
(författare)
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Symbolic Debugging through Incremental Compilation in an Integrated Environment
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 3:4, s. 285-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is demonstrated that fine-grained incremental compilation is a relevant technique when implementing powerful debuggers an incremental programming environments. A debugger and an incremental compiler for pascal has been implemented in the DICE system (Distributed Incremental Compiling environment). Incremental compilation is at the statement level which makes it useful for the debugger which also operates at the statement level. The quality of code produced by the incremental compiler approaches that required for production use. The algorithms involved an incremental compilation are not very complicated, but they require information that is easily available only in an integrated system, like DICE, where editor, compiler, linker, debugger and program data-base are well integrated into a single system. The extra information that has to be kept around, like the cross-reference database, can be used for multiple purposes, which makes total system economics favorable.
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