| 1. |
- Lindvall, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Neurotrophins and brain insults
- 1994
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Ingår i: Trends in Neurosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-108X .- 0166-2236. ; 17:11, s. 490-496
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epileptic, hypoglycaemic, ischaemic and traumatic insults to the brain induce marked changes of gene expression for the neurotrophins, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, and their high-affinity receptors, TrkB and TrkC, in cortical and hippocampal neurones. Release of glutamate and influx of Ca2+ are the most important triggering factors. The major hypotheses for the functional effects of the insult-induced neurotrophin changes are protection against neuronal damage and stimulation of sprouting and synaptic reorganization. More insight into the regulation and role of the neurotrophins after brain insults should increase our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in, for example, epileptogenesis and cell death, and could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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| 2. |
- Roland, P, et al.
(författare)
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A database generator for human brain imaging
- 2001
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Ingår i: TINS - Trends in Neurosciences. - 0166-2236 .- 1878-108X. ; 24:10, s. 562-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing scientific data containing complex information requires new concepts and new technology. NEUROGENERATOR is a database generator for the neuroimaging community. A database generator is a database that generates new databases. The scientists submit raw PET and fMRI data to NEUROGENERATOR, which then processes the data in a uniform way to create databases of homogenous data suitable for data sharing, met-analysis and modelling the human brain at the systems level. These databases are then distributed to the scientists.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine neuron systems in the brain: an update
- 2007
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Ingår i: Trends in Neurosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-108X .- 0166-2236. ; 30:5, s. 194-202
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic organization of the catecholamine-containing neuronal systems and their axonal projections in the brain was initially worked out using classical histofluorescence techniques during the 1960s and 1970s. The introduction of more versatile immunohistochemical methods, along with a range of highly sensitive tract-tracing techniques, has provided a progressively more detailed picture, making the dopamine system one of the best known, and most completely mapped, neurotransmitter systems in the brain. The purpose of the present review is to summarize our current knowledge of the diversity and neurochemical features of the nine dopamine-containing neuronal cell groups in the mammalian brain, their distinctive cellular properties, and their ability to regulate their dopaminergic transmitter machinery in response to altered functional demands and aging.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty years of dopamine research.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Trends in Neurosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-108X .- 0166-2236. ; 30:5, s. 185-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cenci Nilsson, Angela
(författare)
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Dopamine dysregulation of movement control in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Trends in Neurosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-108X .- 0166-2236. ; 30:5, s. 236-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system has an essential role in the selection and control of movement sequences, and its degeneration causes the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonian motor symptoms are alleviated by l-DOPA, but this treatment induces motor fluctuations and dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements). Clinical and experimental findings indicate that the motor complications of l-DOPA pharmacotherapy are triggered by transient and large changes in extracellular DA levels. The disruption of presynaptic DA homeostasis sets in motion a cascade of postsynaptic alterations, which prime the brain for a complicated motor response to dopaminomimetic treatment. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia provides a paradigm to study how the dysregulation of DA release and clearance results in maladaptive neuroplasticity sustaining abnormal patterns of movement.
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| 8. |
- De Schutter, E., et al.
(författare)
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Biophysically detailed modelling of microcircuits and beyond
- 2005
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Ingår i: TINS - Trends in Neurosciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-2236 .- 1878-108X. ; 28:10, s. 562-569
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Realistic bottom-up modelling has been seminal to understanding which properties of microcircuits control their dynamic behaviour, such as the locomotor rhythms generated by central pattern generators. In this article of the TINS Microcircuits Special Feature, we review recent modelling work on the leech-heartbeat and lamprey-swimming pattern generators as examples. Top-down mathematical modelling also has an important role in analyzing microcircuit properties but it has not always been easy to reconcile results from the two modelling approaches. Most realistic microcircuit models are relatively simple and need to be made more detailed to represent complex processes more accurately. We review methods to add neuromechanical feedback, biochemical pathways or full dendritic morphologies to microcircuit models. Finally, we consider the advantages and challenges of full-scale simulation of networks of microcircuits.
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| 10. |
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