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| 2. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemosensory attention, habituation and detection in women and men
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 79, s. 316-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences between women and men in how chemosensory stimuli are processed. Event-related potentials from 36 participants (18 men) showed that women had larger P3 amplitudes when attending, but not when ignoring CO 2 but not for n-butanol, compared with men. The main finding was that women and men differ in cognitive measures of chemosensory processing.
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| 3. |
- Baluchnejadmojarad, Tourandokht, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroprotective Effect of Genistein in 6-Hydroxydopamine Hemi-parkinsonian Rat Model
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 69:3, s. 315-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of experimental evidence supports a role for oxidative stress as a mediator of nerve cell death in Parkinson-s disease (PD). Phytoestrogens such as genistein have been reported to prevent neuronal degeneration caused by increased oxidative burden, therefore, this study examined whether genistein administration at a high dose would attenuate behavioral and structural abnormalities in an experimental model of PD in rat. For this purpose, unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 12.5 μg/5 μL of saline-ascorbate)- lesioned rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with a single and high dose of genistein (10 mg/kg) 1 h before surgery. Apomorphine-induced rotations and the number of Nissl-stained neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) were counted after 2 weeks. Genistein administration could attenuate the rotational behavior in lesioned rats and protect the neurons of SNC against 6-OHDA toxicity. Genistein administration has a protective effect against 6-OHDA toxicity.
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| 4. |
- Bechtereva, N P, et al.
(författare)
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PET study of brain maintenance of verbal creative activity.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 53:1, s. 11-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the investigation of the brain organization of verbal creativity. Psychological tasks were designed in accordance with two main strategies used by volunteers in solving creative tasks. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) when performing two types of creative tasks in two groups of subjects, each type of the task organizing the creativity process in its own way. Brain correlates of creativity were revealed in the left parieto-temporal regions (Brodmann areas 39 and 40).
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| 5. |
- Bernhardsson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Event Related Potentials after exposure therapy for spider phobic individuals
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 108, s. 105-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study was conducted in order to investigate treatment effects in spider phobic individuals on EEG and eye movements. A previous study has shown larger ERP amplitudes in the late positive complex (LPC) post treatment compared to pre treatment during exposure of spider pictures (Leutgeb, Schäfer, & Schienle, 2009). The authors hypothesize that the result might mirror an increase in attention towards the stimuli and reduced attentional avoidance generating enhanced LPC amplitude as a consequence of directing attention to the spider pictures post treatment. In the present study spider fearful individuals (treatment and waitlist group) and control individuals were measured with EEG and Eye tracking during exposure to pictures of spiders, snakes and flowers pre and post treatment. Based on behavioral and self-assessed measures treatment effects were high. Contrary to Leutgeb et al. (2009), our results showed relatively smaller LPC amplitudes post treatment during presentations of spider pictures. Moreover, the eye movement data indicated no avoidance from spider pictures compared to other pictures, neither pre nor post treatment. These results indicate that when individuals attend to visual threat stimuli, LPC amplitude differences follow the pattern of emotional significance and attention allocation.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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On the personality, cognition, and neurobiology of creativity
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 54:1-2, s. 26-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two extreme groups of healthy male undergraduate students, either highly (n=12) or low creative (n=12), were pre-selected from a larger cohort (N=60) by way of the Creative functioning test (Smith & Carlsson, 1990). The two groups underwent measurements of regional cerebral blood-flow (rCBF). rCBF was measured during rest and during three verbal tasks (random order): Automatic speech (Auto), word fluency (FAS) and the unusual uses of objects test (Brick). The participant answered state and trait anxiety inventories after the rCBF measurements. On another day intelligence tests and a test of defense mechanisms were administered. Calculations were made of differences in blood flow levels between the FAS and the Brick measurements in the anterior prefrontal, frontotemporal and superior frontal regions. In accordance with prediction, repeated measure-ANOVAs showed that the creativity groups differed significantly in all three regions. The highly creative group had increases, or unchanged activity, while the low creative group had mainly decreases. The high creatives also had higher hemispheric means of CBF during rest compared to the low creative group. The highly creative group had higher trait anxiety than the low creative group. On the intelligence tests the low creative group was superior both on logical-inductive ability and on perceptual speed, while the groups were equal on verbal and spatial tests. Logical ability was negatively correlated with anxiety. Furthermore, the highly creative group had higher defensive variation than the low group. High defensive variability was positively correlated to the creativity test. The results are discussed in terms of flexible interaction between complementary functions in the two hemispheres.
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| 7. |
- Costa, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Skin conductance responses to visual sexual stimuli
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 67:1, s. 64-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research showed that the asymmetrical direction of bilateral skin conductance responses (SCRs) remains constant regardless of task (with larger left SCRs in men and larger right SCRs in women). However, SCRs are controlled ipsilaterally by structures also associated with sexual arousal, hence it could be expected that larger right SCRs are specifically elicited by sexual stimuli. In order to test the two competing hypotheses, left and right SCR magnitude to three stimulus categories (sexually explicit, sexually non-explicit and neutral) were compared in 54 subjects (27 females). The direction of the asymmetry remained constant across stimulus types, however, unexpected sex differences occurred, as males had larger right SCRs and there was no lateralization in females. Interestingly, this interaction disappeared after controlling for indicators of subjective sexual arousal, suggesting that a specific (not previously hypothesized) processing of sexual information could take place.
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| 8. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Individual differences in dopamine level modulate the ego depletion effect
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 99, s. 121-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initial exertion of self-control impairs subsequent self-regulatory performance, which is referred to as the ego depletion effect. The current study examined how individual differences in dopamine level, as indexed by eye blink rate (EBR), would moderate ego depletion. An inverted-U-shaped relationship between EBR and subsequent self regulatory performance was found when participants initially engaged in self-control but such relationship was absent in the control condition where there was no initial exertion, suggesting individuals with a medium dopamine level may be protected from the typical ego depletion effect. These findings are consistent with a cognitive explanation which considers ego depletion as a phenomenon similar to switch costs that would be neutralized by factors promoting flexible switching.
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| 9. |
- Dhamija, Devika, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of startle reactivity and affect modified startle
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 115, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Startle reflex and affect-modified startle reflex are used as indicators of defensive reactivity and emotional processing, respectively. The present study investigated the heritability of both the startle blink reflex and affect modification of this reflex in a community sample of 772 twins ages 14–15 years old. Subjects were shown affective picture slides falling in three valence categories: negative, positive and neutral; crossed with two arousal categories: high arousal and low arousal. Some of these slides were accompanied with a loud startling noise. Results suggestedsex differences in meanlevels of startle reflex as well as in proportions of variance explained by genetic and environmental factors. Females had higher mean startle blink amplitudes for each valence-arousal slide category, indicating greater baseline defensive reactivity compared to males. Startle blink reflex in males was significantly heritable (49%), whereas in females, variance was explained primarily by shared environmental factors (53%) and non-shared environmental factors (41%). Heritability of affect modified startle (AMS) was found to be negligible in both males and females. These results suggest sex differences in the etiology of startle reactivity, while questioning the utility of the startle paradigm for understanding the genetic basis of emotional processing.
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