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| 2. |
- Bendiksen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Application of the Copenhagen Soccer Test in high-level women players - locomotor activities, physiological response and sprint performance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457. ; 32:6, s. 1430-1442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the physiological response, sprint performance and technical ability in various phases of the Copenhagen Soccer Test for Women (CSTw.) and investigated whether the locomotor activities of the CSTw were comparable to competitive match-play (CM). Physiological measurements and physical/technical assessments were performed during CSTw for eleven Norwegian high-level women soccer players. The activity pattern during CSTw and CM was monitored using the ZXY tracking system. No differences were observed between CSTw and CM with regards to total distance covered (10093 +/- 94 and 9674 +/- 191 m), high intensity running (1278 +/- 67 and 1193 +/- 115 m) or sprinting (422 +/- 55 and 372 +/- 46 m) (p > .05). During CSTw, average HR was 85 +/- 2%HRmax with 35 +/- 2% playing time >90%HRmax. Blood lactate increased (p < .05) from 1.4 +/- 0.3 mM at rest to an average of 4.7 +/- 0.5 mM during CSTw, with no changes during the test. Blood glucose was 5.4 +/- 0.3 mM at rest and remained unaltered during CSTw. Sprint performance (2 x 20 in) decreased (p < .05) by 3% during CSTw (8.19 +/- 0.06-8.47 +/- 0.10 s). In conclusion, the locomotor activities during CSTw were comparable to that of high-level competitive match-play. The physiological demands of the CSTw were high, with no changes in heart rate, blood lactate or technical performance during the test, but a lowered sprint performance towards the end of the test. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Bradley, P. S., et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in match performance characteristics of soccer players competing in the UEFA Champions League
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457. ; 33, s. 159-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in match performance characteristics of elite soccer players. Fifty-four male and fifty-nine female soccer players were tracked during UEFA Champions League matches using a multi-camera system (Amisco, Nice, France). Male players covered more (P<.01) distance than female players in total during a match (Effect Size [ES]: 0.5) and at higher speed thresholds (>15, >18, 18-21, 21-23, 23-25 and >27 km h(-1); ES: 0.7-1.4). Decrements in the second versus first half (P<.01) were only evident in female players for the distance covered in total and at selected speed thresholds (12-15, >12 and >15 km h(-1); ES: 0.6). Male central midfielders covered more (P<.01) total distance during a match than female central midfielders and at selected speed thresholds (15-23 km h(-1); ES: 1.3-2.2). Male full-backs and wide midfielders covered a greater distance (P<.01) than female players in the same positions at higher speed thresholds (>15, 21-23, 23-25, 25-27 and >27 km h(-1); ES: 1.5-3.1). The distance covered during the most intense 5 min period of the match (>15 km h(-1)) was higher (P<.01) in male compared to female players (ES: 1.0) but no distance deficit in the next versus the average 5 min period was observed for either gender (ES: 0.1-0.2). No gender differences were found for technical events such as the number of ball touches, time in possession of the ball or total duels won during both halves and the entire match (ES: 0.1-0.3). However, female players lost the ball more often (P<.05) and displayed lower pass completion rates than male players during both halves and the entire match (ES: 0.5-0.9). The data demonstrate that large gender differences exist for match performance characteristics of players competing at the highest competitive standard of European soccer. Such detailed analyses could be useful for gender-specific training information for optimal preparation. However, more research is warranted to establish gender-specific speed thresholds for elite soccer players. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Broström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Trunk and center of mass movements during gait in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 26:2, s. 296-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motion of the body center of mass (CoM) can often indicate the overall effect of the strategy of forward progression used. In the present study, focus is placed on trunk movements in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse/rotation plane, as well as placement of the CoM, during gait in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Seventeen children with JIA, all with polyarticular lower extremity involvement were examined before and approximately two weeks after treatment with intra-articular cortico-steroid injections. Movement was recorded with a 6-camera 3D motion analysis system in both the children with JIA and in 21 healthy controls. Trunk and center of mass movements were compared between JIA and controls, and effects of intra-articular cortico-steroid treatment were evaluated. Children with JIA were more posteriorly tilted in the trunk, contrary to the common clinical impression, and had their CoM placed more posterior and off-centred, which may have been a result of pain. With such knowledge, it might be possible to better understand the effects of their pain and involvement, and ultimately to plan a treatment strategy for improving their gait patterns.
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| 5. |
- Byström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in rider movement pattern between different degrees of collection at the trot in high-level dressage horses ridden on a treadmill
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 41, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collection is a central term in equine dressage, defined as a shortening of the horse's stride length with retained energy and hind limb activity. How collection is induced by the rider has yet not been investigated objectively. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the movement pattern of high-level dressage riders between free trot (loose reins), passage and a range of three speeds in collected trot.Both at higher speed in collected trot and in passage, the rider's pelvis became more caudally rotated and the rider's lumbar back became more flexed. However, in passage there was also a decrease in phase-shift between horse and rider movements, suggesting that the rider used the seat more actively. In free trot, the rider's pelvis was more cranially rotated, the lumbar back was more extended, the rider's body inclined more forwards, and the phase-shift between horse and rider was increased, compared to collected trot. The observed changes were partly explainable from changes in the horse's movement pattern. However, most differences in rider body position seemed unrelated to the horse's movements, but were in accordance with instructions in equestrian texts, suggesting that those changes were voluntarily adopted by the riders. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Byström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intersegmental strategies in frontal plane in moderately-skilled riders analyzed in ridden and un-mounted situations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 66, s. 511-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The symmetry of the rider is highly relevant, and in the equestrian community it is generally thought that a symmetrical rider has a better possibility to influence the horse in an optimal way. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare frontal plane kinematics of the core body segments in ten riders while riding and while rocking a balance chair from side-to-side. It was hypothesized that the riders were asymmetrical in relation to their intersegmental strategies when comparing between left and right directions and that individual riders would display the same postural strategies when riding and when rocking the balance chair. Ten moderately-skilled riders wore a full-body marker set that was tracked by a motion capture system as they rocked a balance chair from side to side. Inertial measurement units attached to the head, trunk and pelvis were used to measure the segmental movements while riding in left and right directions. Roll rotation data for head, trunk and pelvis were averaged over available strides/cycles. Results from mixed models showed that the riders were asymmetric when comparing riding in left vs right directions, for example the trunk was rotated 19 degrees to the right on the right circle and 14 degrees to the left on the left circle, on average. Riders adopted the same asymmetrical posture whether they were riding in the left or right direction on straight lines, circles or leg yielding. A significant relationship was found between postural asymmetries when riding and when rocking the balance chair, one degree of pelvis or head roll asymmetry on the chair predicted 2.4 (SE 0.9) degrees of asymmetry while riding. Future studies may investigate the value of seated, off-horse postural training for improving rider symmetry and thereby equestrian performance.
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| 7. |
- Fabré, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in aerobic energy expenditure and neuromuscular function during a simulated cross-country skiathlon with the skating technique
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 40, s. 326-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we tested the hypothesis that aerobic energy expenditure (AEE) is higher during a simulated 6-km (2 loops of 3-km each) "skiathlon" than during skating only on a treadmill and attempted to link any such increase to biomechanical and neuromuscular responses. Six elite male cross-country skiers performed two pretesting time-trials (TT) to determine their best performances and to choose an appropriate submaximal speed for collection of physiological, biomechanical and neuromuscular data during two experimental sessions ((exp)). Each skier used, in randomized order, either the classical (CL) or skating technique (SK) for the first 3-km loop, followed by transition to the skating technique for the second 3-km loop. Respiratory parameters were recorded continuously. The EMG activity of the triceps brachii (TBr and vastus lateralis (VLa) muscles during isometric contractions performed when the skiers were stationary (i.e., just before the first loop, during the transition, and after the second loop); their corresponding activity during dynamic contractions; and pole and plantar forces during the second loop were recorded. During the second 3-km of the 'IT, skating speed was significantly higher for the SK-SK than CL-SK. During this second loop, AEE was also higher (+1.5%) for CL-SKexp than SK-SKexp, in association with higher VLa EMG activity during both isometric and dynamic contractions, despite no differences in plantar or pole forces, poling times or cycle rates. Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, during a skiathlon, the transition between the sections of classical skiing and skating alters skating performance (i.e., skiing speed), AEE and neuromuscular function. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Green, Dido, et al.
(författare)
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Does subtype of developmental coordination disorder count : Is there a differential effect on outcome following intervention?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 27:2, s. 363-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a heterogeneous condition in which children frequently present with co-occurring conditions in addition to their motor difficulties. This study considered whether there would be a differential effect of a group treatment program on subtypes of perceptual and movement problems or associated co-occurring conditions. A subset of children (n = 43) from a larger clinical sample (n = 100) with DCD participated in a 2 frac(1, 4) year cross-over intervention study which followed the cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) approach. Original subtypes were determined by contrasting the current sample with previously published subtyping studies in DCD [Hoare, D. (1994). Subtypes of developmental coordination disorder. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 158-169; Macnab, J. J., Miller, L. T., & Polatajko, H. J. (2001). The search for subtypes of DCD: Is cluster analysis the answer? Human Movement Science, 20, 49-72]. No advantage was conferred to any subtype although children with more profound and complex difficulties at initial assessment, despite progress following intervention, were most likely to have continuing difficulties at the end of the project.
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| 9. |
- Gutierrez-Farewik, Elena M., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison and evaluation of two common methods to measure center of mass displacement in three dimensions during gait
- 2006
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 25:2, s. 238-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Center of mass displacement during gait has frequently been used as an indicator of gait efficiency or as a complement to standard gait analysis. With technological advances, measuring the center of mass as the centroid of a multi-segment system is practical and feasible, but must first be compared to the well-established Newtonian computation of double-integrating the ground reaction force. This study aims to verify that the kinematic centroid obtained from a commonly-used model (Vicon Peak (R) Plug-In-Gait) provides at least as reliable measurements of center of mass displacement as those obtained from the ground reaction forces. Gait data was collected for able-bodied children and children with myelomeningocele who use larger lateral center of mass excursions during gait. Reasonable agreement between methods was found in fore-aft and vertical directions, where the methods' excursions differed by an average of less than 10 mm in either direction, and the average RMS differences between methods' computed curves were 6 and 13 mm. Particularly good agreement was observed in the lateral direction, where the calculated excursions differed by an average of less than 2 mm and the RMS difference was 5 mm. Error analyses in computing the center of mass displacement from ground reaction forces were performed. A 5% deviation in mass estimation increased the computed vertical excursion twofold, and a 5% deviation in the integration constant of initial velocity increased the computed fore-aft excursions by 10%. The suitability of calculating center of mass displacement using ground reaction forces in a patient population is questioned. The kinematic centroid is susceptible to errors in segment parameters and marker placement, but results in plausible results that are at least within the range of doubt of the better-established ground reaction force integration, and are more useful when interpreting 3-D gait data.
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| 10. |
- Hafström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Effectuation of adaptive stability and postural alignment strategies are decreased by alcohol intoxication.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7646 .- 0167-9457. ; 35:Apr 29, s. 30-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human stability control is a complex process comprising contributions from several partly independent mechanisms such as coordination, feedback and feed-forward control, and adaptation. Acute alcohol intoxication impairs these functions and is recognized as a major contributor to fall traumas. The study aimed to investigate how alcohol intoxication at .06% and .10% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) affected the movement spans and control of posture alignment. The angular positions of the head, shoulder, hip and knees relative to the ankles were measured with a 3D motion analysis system in 25 healthy adults during standing with eyes open or closed and with or without vibratory balance perturbations. Alcohol intoxication significantly increased the movement spans of the head, shoulders, hip and knees in anteroposterior and lateral directions during quiet stance (p⩽.047 and p⩽.003) and balance perturbations (p<.001, both directions). Alcohol intoxication also decreased the ability to reduce the movement spans through adaptation in both anteroposterior (p⩽.011) and lateral (p⩽.004) directions. When sober and submitted to balance perturbations, the subjects aligned the head, shoulders, hip and knees more forward relative to the ankle joint (p<.001), hence adopting a more resilient posture increasing the safety margin for backward falls. Alcohol intoxication significantly delayed this forward realignment (p⩽.022). Alcohol intoxication did not cause any significant posture realignment in the lateral direction. Thus, initiation of adaptive posture realignments to alcohol or other disruptions might be context dependent and associated with reaching a certain level of stability threats.
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