| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-Aided Planning of Production, Working and Residential Environments
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 17:1, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses a computer-aided planning methodology and its applicability for planning of industrial production and working environments as well as for planning of residential and working environments for the differently abled. The methodology has been developed and evaluated in six case studies in mechanical industries and in six case studies related to adaptations for the differently abled. The results from the case studies indicate that computer-supported modelling and visualisation may serve as a common and efficient language facilitating communication about multifaceted environmental planning issues. The methodology is a cost-effective way of demonstrating layout ideas and testing dynamic activities like manufacturing and transportation. Corporate groups comprising people involved in, or affected by, development work seem to be a fruitful approach for cooperation, one which enhances learning and creativity. Such groups may be a proper forum for the dissemination of information, exchange of opinions, utilisation of both expert and lay experiences, and for public testing of current reality or future plans in such a way that mutual understanding between different professional categories is increased, hence promoting internal commitment.
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| 2. |
- Abeysekera, John D.A., et al.
(författare)
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Body size variability between people in developed and developing countries and its impact on the use of imported goods
- 1989
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 4:2, s. 139-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Industrially Developing Countries (IDC) today, to a great extent, depend on Industrialized Countries (IC) for the supply of most industrial goods. An attempt has been made to ascertain the degree of design incompatibility experienced by users of these imported goods due to differences in the body sizes of people in producer and user countries. A comparative study of variations in body sizes is made from data available in literature and from anthropometric surveys. The results reveal differences in almost every part of the human body. The need for reliable anthropometric data in respect of IDC is stressed. Urgent measures are required to introduce changes in equipment, particularly for the benefit of users in IDC.
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| 3. |
- Abeysekera, John D.A.
(författare)
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Ergonomics and technology transfer
- 1990
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 5:2, s. 181-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Abeysekera, John D.A., et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomics of technology transfer
- 1987
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 1:4, s. 265-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is beyond doubt that high technology has elevated the standards of living of mankind. The modern technology created and developed to a great extent by Western or developed societies is now in great demand in Eastern and developing societies who are trying to leap-frog towards advancement. But unfortunately, in the transfer of technology, both the giver and the receiver seem to make many mistakes. A technology transferred without considering the ethnic variables in the societies and differences in the climates, has found to cause problems to the acquirer. Due to the basic human factor differences such as sizes of people, physical environment, physical capacities and organizational and cultural differences, a technology which is unadapted has found to be inappropriate, harmful, hazardous and unsuccessful. In the areas of health, working conditions, production and finance, undesirable effects have resulted through haphazard technology transfer, For a successful transfer, it is therefore stressed that technology has to be adapted or modified taking into consideration the technological, anthropological and socio-economic factors of the acquiring population
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Abeysekera, John, et al.
(författare)
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The identification of factors in the systematic evaluation of slip prevention on icy surfaces
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 28:5, s. 303-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Slips and falls on icy roads often result in fractures or sprains and is a major problem in Nordic countries. Walking trials by 25 subjects wearing four types of winter shoes on five different icy walking surfaces provided subjective and objective measures of tendency to slip and number of slips, respectively. Since friction is a major determinant of a slip, the influence of material spread on icy surfaces, the surface temperatures and the shoe soling characteristics versus the Coefficient of Friction (COF) of the shoes were measured. Sand and gravel on icy roads had positive effects on improving COF. The study revealed that the aetiology of slips and falls is multi-faceted and attempts to solve the problem must adopt a systems approach. Perception of risk, aging, training, experience and postural balance are other factors to be considered in preventing slips and falls. Future research should concentrate on the degree of impact of each factor to the aetiology of slips and falls, which can help to decide priority action in preventing slips and falls.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bao, Shihan, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive effect of ergonomics and production engineering on shoulder-neck exposure — A case study of assembly work in China and Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 20:1, s. 75-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ergonomic improvements of work station design have been widely embraced as a measure for reduction of physical work load (mechanical exposure) and prevention or control of occupational shoulder-neck disorders. However, other elements of work rationalization, more in the hands of production engineers, may also influence the mechanical exposure. The present study concerns shoulder-neck exposure in a Chinese and a Swedish assembly line workplace. Interactive effects of ergonomic work station design, and production engineering (in terms of assembly line balancing and sensitivity of assembly line layout to production irregularities) on shoulder-neck exposure have been studied. It was shown that the Swedish workplace has a better ergonomic work station design, reflected in more favorable work postures during assembly operations. At the same time, the Swedish assembly line is better balanced and less sensitive to production irregularities, which probably reduces the total duration of idle time during assembly compared with the Chinese line. On the Swedish assembly line, arm movements are more frequent, and trapezius and infraspinatus muscle activation is more repetitive. Muscle activation levels are similar on the two lines. However, a larger proportion of low level muscle activities were found on the Chinese line compared with the Swedish line. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the mechanical exposure of the assembly workers is a result of counteracting effects of improved ergonomic design of work stations and more effective production engineering.
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| 10. |
- Bergquist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Quality function deployment (QFD) - A means for developing usable products
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 18:4, s. 269-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to develop usable products, human needs and requirements have to be taken into consideration. By employing the QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method the human needs are systematically matched with the product characteristics, which can help to improve the product quality. In this paper the use of QFD in the area of ergonomics is discussed and a case study is presented, The QFD method was used in the case study to translate the needs of safety shoe users in the cold climate into product characteristics. The QFD analysis of the safety shoes revealed that the characteristics of the steel toecap were receiving the highest overall weighting, which means that improving the design of the steel toecap would lead to higher customer satisfaction. Relevance to industryThe importance of developing products that meet the customer or human needs is a priority area in the product development process. With knowledge in ergonomics it is possible to reveal information of the human needs and requirements. However, in the product development process it also is important to match the human needs with the product characteristics, which can be achieved by using the QFD method. The knowledge of ergonomics and the use of the QFD method are therefore useful tools in designing high quality products.
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