| 1. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Field efficacy of two organic acids against Varroa destructor
- 2017
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Ingår i: Entomologia generalis. - : E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG. - 0171-8177. ; 36:3, s. 251-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The parasitization of honeybees by Varroa destructor represents a serious limiting factor for beekeeping. The past and current widespread use of synthetic acaricides, such as fluvalinate and coumaphos, results in the onset of pest resistance, therefore research efforts focused on the use of alternative solutions to control the population of this parasitic mite. In the present study, the efficacy of two formulates containing Oxalic Acid (OA) or Formic Acid (FA) was evaluated in real field conditions. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of the OA formulate in controlling more than 90% of V. destructor phoretic population. On the other hand, FA shown an efficacy of 60% on phoretic mites. A similar pattern was highlighted on brood and adult bees’ infestation. The OA formulate showed a proper efficacy, highlighting its potential as alternative to chemical substances in holding the increase of V. destructor during a late summer treatment.
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| 2. |
- Frago, Enric, et al.
(författare)
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Common pheromone use among host-associated populations of the browntail moth, euproctis chrysorrhoea, displaying different adult phenologies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Entomologia Generalis. - : Schweizerbart. - 0171-8177. ; 39:3-4, s. 295-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diversity of herbivorous insects may arise from colonization and subsequent specialization on different host plants. Such specialization requires changes in several insect traits, which may lead to host race formation if they reduce gene flow among populations that feed on different plants. Behavioural changes may play a relevant role in host race formation, for example if different races evolve distinct sexual communication signals or adult phenology. Previous research has revealed differences in larval phenology in different host-associated populations of the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Here, sex pheromones among populations of this species are compared, and pheromone trapping data obtained is used in the field to build a phenological model that tests whether populations that feed on different plants differ in their adult flight period. The chemical and electrophysiological analyses revealed that two E. chrysorrhoea populations (on Prunus and on Arbutus unedo) use the same sex pheromone component for mate finding. Our trapping data, however, showed that males fly on average 25 days earlier in populations whose larvae feed on A. unedo compared to those whose larvae feed on Quercus species. Although the shifted phenology described here may underlie host-plant specialization in E. chrysorrhoea, and adults of this species are short-lived, the use of a common sexual pheromone and a large overlap in flight periods suggest that host race formation via allochronic isolation is unlikely in this moth.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Bumblebees' flower preferences are associated with floral abundance and buzz frequency when buzz-pollinating co-flowering plants
- 2024
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Ingår i: Entomologia generalis. - : E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. - 0171-8177. ; 44:1, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buzz-pollination is used by some bees to expel pollen through vibrating flowers. Yet, little is known about the determinants influencing bee preferences among buzz-pollinated flowers. We studied five co-flowering, nectarless species of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) buzz-pollinated by bumblebees in an alpine meadow, to investigate bumblebees' flower preferences in response to fluctuations of floral abundance across five years. We also recorded and analyzed the buzzing frequencies produced by the three dominant bumblebee specie. Our results indicate that Bombus friseanus and B. lepidus visited different Pedicularis flowers using similar buzz frequencies and displayed an abundance-dependent flower preference across years. These two bumblebee species had staggered phenologies with distinct timing of peak abundances across the five years. In contrast, B. festivus used lower fundamental buzz frequencies, had a constant flower preference across years, but used different buzz frequencies across Pedicularis species. Although the amount of pollen released after bumblebee visitation varied across Pedicularis species, we found that after a single visit all bumblebees deposited similar amounts of pollen on stigmas. Our study indicates that bumblebees' flower preferences is sometimes, but not always, modulated by floral abundance, and that at least one bumblebee species was observed to produce buzzes of different frequencies in different plant species. Competition for floral resources among bumblebees and for pollination services among co-flowering Pedicularis species may structure plant-pollinator interactions and affect species coexistence.
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| 4. |
- Kelber, Almut, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory ecology of feeding in the hummingbird hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum (Lepidoptera : Sphingidae)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Entomologia Generalis. - 0171-8177. ; 29:2-4, s. 97-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European hummingbird hawkmoth, Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus 1758), drinks nectar while hovering in front of flowers of all colours, odours, sizes and shapes. Naive moths orient predominantly towards visual stimuli and prefer blue flowers with a radial pattern and a central contrasting spot. Hummingbird hawkmoths have trichromatic colour vision and can learn any colour and different patterns and sizes of flowers. Odour learning, however, depends on flower colour and docs, not take place when the colour is very attractive on its own.
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| 5. |
- Noreika, R., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and Bionomies of the Leaf-miner Moth Phyllonorycter trifoliella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Entomologia generalis. - : Schweizerbart. - 0171-8177. ; 26:1, s. 9-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven males of Phyllonotycter trifoliella (Gerasimov 1933) were attracted to pheromone traps in Vilnius city in 2000, This is the first record of that species in the Lithuanian fauna. Ph trifoliella had been described from the Caucasus, environment of Krasnaya Polyana and Sochi, and was known only from that type locality for a long time. Lithuania is the third locality, where moths of this species were found. Detailed description of the Ph trifoliella male, based on recent terminology, as well as the data on its bionomics and habitat of the species are presented.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Tasin, Marco
(författare)
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Hail nets enhance disruption of sexual communication by synthetic pheromone in codling moth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Entomologia Generalis. - : Schweizerbart. - 0171-8177 .- 2363-7102. ; 37, s. 7-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that polyethylene anti-hail nets interact with synthetic pheromone in disrupting the sexual communication of codling moth Cydia pomonella L. We tested this hypothesis through the release and recapture of m ales in field cages. This set-up allowed normalisation of the male population during the treatments. The effect of the net was also estimated through recording additional parameters such as wind speed, temperature within the canopy, and pheromone emissions from mating disruption dispensers. The experiments were carried out in orchards with or without hail nets, and with or without pheromone disruption treatment. In the release and recapture assay the hail net significantly decreased the success of sexual communication in association with the mating disruption treatment. In plots without synthetic pheromone, the net did not affect communication between the sexes. Both wind speed and canopy temperatures were mitigated by the presence of the net. Pheromone emissions from disruption dispensers did not differ for covered and uncovered plots. The increase in communication disruption with the hail net is of practical interest and opens up possibilities for extending the use of mating disruption to orchards where climatic or topographic features currently limit the efficacy of this sustainable method.
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