| 1. |
- Glover, A. G., et al.
(author)
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Morphology, reproductive biology and genetic structure of the whale-fall and hydrothermal vent specialist, Bathykurila guaymasensis Pettibone, 1989 (Annelida : Polynoidae)
- 2005
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In: Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565. ; 26:3-4, s. 223-234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined the reproductive biology and genetic structure of the polychaete Bathykurila guaymasensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), a species recorded from both whale-falls and hydrothermal vents. The habitat of B. guaymasensis is quite different from other vent polynoids, being apparently a specialist feeder oil Beggiatoa mat, rather than living commensally with mussels or on the sides of hot vent chimneys. Specimens were collected from whale-fall sites in the Santa Cruz and Santa Catalina Basins, Southern California at depths of 12001600 in, and investigated using a combined morphological and molecular approach. The species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, asynchronous gametogenesis, evidence for internal fertilization and lecithotrophic larval development - all characters shared with other hydrothermal vent polynoids. Two distinct, sympatrically distributed haplotype groups of B. guaymasensis were identified using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences, indicating that there may be two species within the nominal designation B. guaymasensis. Broad sharing of haplotypes between the two whale-fill sites suggests high dispersal rates among basins along the California margin.
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| 2. |
- Mackie, A. S. Y., et al.
(author)
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Revision of Aberranta Hartman, 1965 (Aberrantidae : Annelida), with descriptions of new species from the Mediterranean and Hong Kong
- 2005
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In: Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565. ; 26:3-4, s. 197-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two new species of Aberranta Hartman, 1965 are described from southeast France and Hong Kong, China. The two previously known species, A. enigmatica Hartman, 1965 and A. palpata Wolf, 1987 are redescribed from type and other material. Aberranta banyulensis n. sp. resembles A. palpata, and its internal and external morphology are examined further using histological, transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Aberranta sulcata n. sp. is morphologically closest to A. enigmatica. The relationships between Aberranta and other polychaetes are discussed in light of a recent morphological and molecular analysis involving Nerillidae and Aciculata. The relationships among the Aberranta species are examined in a morphology-based cladistic analysis, using an amphinomid and three nerillids as outgroups.
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| 3. |
- Procaccini, Gabriele, et al.
(author)
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Seagrass ecophysiology meets ecological genomics : are we ready?
- 2012
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In: Marine Ecolocy. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 33:4, s. 522-527
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In March 2011, the Ecophysiology and Genetics Working Groups of the European Science Foundation COST Action ES 0906, entitled Seagrass Productivity: From Genes to Ecosystem Management, organized an exploratory workshop entitled Linking Ecophysiology and Ecogenomics in Seagrass Systems. The goal of the workshop was to discuss how to integrate comparative gene expression studies with physiological processes such as photosynthetic performance, carbon and nitrogen utilization and environmental adaptation. The main questions discussed for integrative research related to mechanisms of carbon utilization, light requirements, temperature effects and natural variation in pH and ocean acidification. It was concluded that the seagrass research community is still in the nascent stages of linking ecophysiology with genomic responses, as carbon and nitrogen metabolism of seagrasses have not been sufficiently well studied. Likewise, genomic approaches have only been able to assign meaningful interpretations to a handful of differentially expressed genes. Nevertheless, the way forward has been established.
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| 4. |
- Rasmussen, Arne, et al.
(author)
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"Head for my tail" : a new hypothesis to explain how venomous sea snakes avoid becoming prey
- 2009
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In: Marine Ecolocy. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 30:4, s. 385-390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sea snakes are widespread and conspicuous inhabitants of shallow waters in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are agile top predators and possess extremely potent venom, but they are still susceptible to predation by large fish, e.g. sharks, and other vertebrates. We describe how crevice-probing and temporarily non-vigilant Yellow-lipped Sea Kraits Laticauda colubrina twist the tail around their length axis so that the tail tip's lateral aspect corresponds to the dorsal view of the head. In doing so, coloration and pattern in combination with tail movement and posture make the tail appear very similar to the (non-visible and foraging) head. We examined 98 Laticauda spp. sea snakes in three major museum collections and reviewed the literature to assess the generality and implications of our field observations. This leads us to hypothesize that a combination of: (i) head and tail being similarly coloured and patterned, and (ii) the tail being motioned to resemble the head, is a hitherto overlooked mimetic and 'prophylactic' anti-predator adaptation in the L. colubrina complex, and possibly in other species of sea snake. We propose this is a concerted behavioural–morphological adaptation, and we briefly speculate about its possible fitness trade-offs as well as its origin. Explicit and testable predictions derived from the hypothesis are presented.
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| 5. |
- Rasmussen, Arne, et al.
(author)
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"Head for my tail" : a new hypothesis to explain how venomous sea snakes avoid becoming prey
- 2009
-
In: Marine Ecolocy. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 30:4, s. 385-390
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sea snakes are widespread and conspicuous inhabitants of shallow waters in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are agile top predators and possess extremely potent venom, but they are still susceptible to predation by large fish, e.g. sharks, and other vertebrates. We describe how crevice-probing and temporarily non-vigilant Yellow-lipped Sea Kraits Laticauda colubrina twist the tail around their length axis so that the tail tip's lateral aspect corresponds to the dorsal view of the head. In doing so, coloration and pattern in combination with tail movement and posture make the tail appear very similar to the (non-visible and foraging) head. We examined 98 Laticauda spp. sea snakes in three major museum collections and reviewed the literature to assess the generality and implications of our field observations. This leads us to hypothesize that a combination of: (i) head and tail being similarly coloured and patterned, and (ii) the tail being motioned to resemble the head, is a hitherto overlooked mimetic and 'prophylactic' anti-predator adaptation in the L. colubrina complex, and possibly in other species of sea snake. We propose this is a concerted behavioural–morphological adaptation, and we briefly speculate about its possible fitness trade-offs as well as its origin. Explicit and testable predictions derived from the hypothesis are presented.
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| 6. |
- Sundelöf, Andreas, 1974
(author)
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Larval dispersal and vertical migration behaviour - a simulation study for short dispersal times
- 2012
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In: Marine Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 33, s. 183-193
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current speed often varies with depth, so vertical movements of larvae are expected to have profound effects on dispersal velocity and therefore dispersal potential. Systematic behaviours are expected to have strong effects on dispersal. However, reliable information on the presence of vertical migrations in larvae is scarce, but the few well investigated empirical examples justify a detailed simulation study and an analysis of potential effects. We present a spatially explicit 3D hydrodynamic model that incorporates biological information in the form of active particles advected in a Lagrangian fashion. The set-up is designed to analyze the sensitivity of dispersal distances to variation in vertical behaviour of larvae. We simulated short (4days) pelagic larval durations (PLDs) to determine whether behaviour might be important over short dispersal periods. We found that sinusoidal behaviours (slow vertical migration) in or out of phase with tides did not significantly change the dispersal patterns compared to those of larvae that remained at the surface. By contrast, a quadratic pattern of behaviour resulting in rapid vertical migration, in or out of phase with tides, had dramatic effects on both distance and direction of dispersal. The resulting dispersal kernels were found to be multimodal due to the interaction between tidal and meteorological components in flow. Incorporating biological information on larval migrations in Lagrangian simulation of dispersal will be important in estimates of connectivity and forecasting marine reserve networks. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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| 7. |
- Wilson, Karen, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Marine systems: moving into the genomics era
- 2005
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In: Marine Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 26:1, s. 3-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study of biological systems has been revolutionized by the use of genomic technologies. Most of the knowledge gathered over the last few years refers to terrestrial models. The study of marine systems using genomic technologies has, apart from a focus on microbial systems, been generally neglected although there are signs that this situation may be changing. This review analyses recent progress made in the field of marine genomics and identifies the broad areas in which this new technology is having the greatest impacts. These studies include comparative, functional and environmental genomics of metazoan animals. In many cases, as well as benefiting marine science, studies on marine taxa are having wide-ranging impacts on our global understanding of genomes and genomics.
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| 8. |
- Cunha, Mário, et al.
(author)
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Female ornaments signal own and offspring quality in a sex-role-reversed fish with extreme male parental care
- 2017
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In: Marine Ecolocy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although female ornaments have been described in many taxa, the full spectrum of information conveyed by such traits together with the potential male fitness benefits are far from fully understood. Here, we used a sex-role-reversed species, the black-striped pipefish, Syngnathus abaster, where females are the ornamented sex and intensively compete for mates who present an extreme form of paternal care (male pregnancy). We investigated what information is conveyed by female traits and if males are using it during mate choice. We further assessed which traits would reflect offspring quality at birth. We found that although body length generally portrays information on female reproductive potential (gonadosomatic index and oocyte diameter),it does so indirectly. Different aspects of the female traits, such as stripe width and trunk broadness, were found to be better direct indicators. When size is kept constant, males prefer females with wider stripes. Moreover, stripe coloration was found to reflect offspring quality as darker-striped females produced larger newborns. Our observations suggest that in a species with exclusive paternal care, independently from the male’s direct investment in reproduction, female contribution decisively impacts male fitness. Thus, at least in sex-role-reversed species such as the black striped pipefish, female ornaments can be selected in an analogous way to those of males in species with conventional sex roles (i.e. by mate choice).
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| 9. |
- Finn, Maureen, et al.
(author)
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Experimental bleaching of a tropical sea anemone in situ
- 2016
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In: Marine Ecolocy. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 37:3, s. 691-696
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bleaching (whitening) of cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones has caused widespread degradation of coral reefs around the world and is therefore an urgent issue for coral reef science and conservation. Although cnidarians often bleach in aquaria, methods for experimental induction of bleaching in wild cnidarians are lacking, which impedes scientists’ ability to understand the ultimate effects of bleaching on the broader ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the utility of an in situ method for experimental induction of bleaching in the tropical sea anemone Heteractis crispa. Healthy, wild anemones were covered with opaque black plastic sheets, mesh cages or left undisturbed (controls) and tentacle colour and body size were monitored with a colour reference card and flexible tape, respectively, every 1–3 days for 15 days. Caged and control anemones remained unchanged for the duration of the experiment, but covered anemones commenced whitening after 4–6 days and were completely white after 7–14 days (mean time to bleaching SE = 10.1 0.7 days). Experimental bleaching occurred without reduction in anemone body size and was visibly similar to natural bleaching seen previously in H. crispa. We hypothesize that light-deprivation, reduced water flow, physical contact or some combination of these factors caused the bleaching. This study provides the basis for a simple and rapid method of inducing bleaching in situ, which releases scientists’ dependence on sporadic natural bleaching events or artificial aquarium experiments, and provides a means to investigate the effects of bleaching on other ecosystem components such as fishes.
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| 10. |
- Georgian, Samuel E., et al.
(author)
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Biogeographic variability in the physiological response of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification
- 2016
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In: Marine Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565 .- 1439-0485. ; 37:6, s. 1345-1359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While ocean acidification is a global issue, the severity of ecosystem effects is likely to vary considerably at regional scales. The lack of understanding of how biogeographically separated populations will respond to acidification hampers our ability to predict the future of vital ecosystems. Cold-water corals are important drivers of biodiversity in ocean basins across the world and are considered one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to ocean acidification. We tested the short-term physiological response of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to three pH treatments (pH = 7.9, 7.75 and 7.6) for Gulf of Mexico (USA) and Tisler Reef (Norway) populations, and found that reductions in seawater pH elicited contrasting responses. Gulf of Mexico corals exhibited reductions in net calcification, respiration and prey capture rates with decreasing pH. In contrast, Tisler Reef corals showed only slight reductions in net calcification rates under decreased pH conditions while significantly elevating respiration and capture rates. These differences are likely the result of environmental differences (depth, pH, food supply) between the two regions, invoking the potential for local adaptation or acclimatization to alter their response to global change. However, it is also possible that variations in the methodology used in the experiments contributed to the observed differences. Regardless, these results provide insights into the resilience of L. pertusa to ocean acidification as well as the potential influence of regional differences on the viability of species in future oceans.
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