| 1. |
- Abebe, Admas Alemu
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study for yield-related traits in sesame (Sesamum Indicum)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 141, s. 246-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sesame is an important oil crop in Ethiopia and other regions in terms of both area coverage and production. However, productivity is low due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, dissecting the genetic basis of quantitatively inherited yield-related traits is instrumental to developing stable and high-yielding varieties. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with a diverse set of 300 sesame accessions tested in two environments and 2997 SNP markers. In total, 21 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected for seven yield-related traits, including days to flower initiation (DFI), days to 50% flowering (DF), days to physiological maturity (DM), capsule length (CAPL), seeds per capsule (SPC), 1000-seed weight (TSW) and bacterial blight (BBL). The majority of MTAs detected on LG 3, 7 and 8 were associated with traits related to physiological periods. Dissecting genetic control of flowering time and maturity has a pivotal contribution to fostering sesame breeding and developing new varieties adaptable to changing climatic conditions. Our GWAS results will assist in incorporating alleles into the elite sesame germplasm through marker-assisted selection.
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| 2. |
- Andargie, Mebeaselassie, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of quantitative trait loci for floral scent compounds in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floral scent is a very important trait in plant evolution. Currently, little is known about the inheritance of floral scent in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) or changes that might have occurred during its domestication. Therefore, we analysed scent volatiles and molecular markers in a population of 159 F7 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of a domesticated blackeye cowpea cultivar, ‘524B’ and a wild accession ‘219-01’. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) 23 volatile compounds were identified that fall into five general functional categories. Twenty-two of the compounds displayed quantitative variation in the progeny, and a total of 63 QTLs influencing the amounts of these volatiles were mapped onto the cowpea genetic marker map. Although QTLs for volatile compounds putatively involved in cowpea flower scent were found on 9 of the 11 cowpea chromosomes, they were not evenly distributed with QTLs mainly clustered on LGs 1, LGs 2 and LG 4. Our results serve as a starting point for both more detailed analyses of complex scent biosynthetic pathways and the development of markers for marker-assisted breeding of scented rose varieties.
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| 3. |
- Bertholdsson, Nils-Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Allelopathic potential of Triticum spp., Secale spp. and Triticosecale spp. and use of chromosome substitutions and translocations to improve weed suppression ability in winter wheat
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 131, s. 75-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search was carried out for allelopathic sources among accessions of Triticum, Secale, Triticosecale and wheat-rye substitution and translocation lines to be used in breeding programmes to improve weed suppression ability of wheat. A bioassay with mustard as target plants was used for the screening. Mustard was chosen among seven tested target plants because it showed a particular high root growth inhibition when grown together with rye compared with wheat. None of the Triticum accessions studied showed potential allelopathic activity of interest for breeding, but most Triticosecale did. Several of the wheat-rye substitution and translocation lines also showed high allelopathic activity. The highest activity was found in lines with a substitution of 1R or 2R. Some multiple substitution lines and lines with only rye chromatin also showed high allelopathic activity. It is suggested that in vitro selection of wheat-rye substitution lines with high allelopathic potential with a bioassay with mustard as target plants could be used to improve weed suppression ability of wheat.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Anders
(författare)
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Plant oils as feedstock alternatives to petroleum - A short survey of potential oil crop platforms
- 2009
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Elsevier BV. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 91, s. 665-670
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our society is highly depending on petroleum for its activities. About 90% is used as an energy source for transportation and for generation of heat and electricity and the remaining as feedstocks in the chemical industry. However, petroleum is a finite source as well as causing several environmental problems such as rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Petroleum therefore needs to be replaced by alternative and sustainable sources. Plant oils and oleochemicals derived from them represent such alternative sources, which can deliver a substantial part of what is needed to replace the petroleum used as feedstocks.Plant derived feedstock oils can be provided by two types of oil qualities, multi-purpose and technical oils. Multi-purpose oils represent oil qualities that contain common fatty acids and that can be used for both food and feedstock applications. Technical oil qualities contain unusual fatty acids with special properties gained from their unique molecular structure and these types of oils should only be used for feedstock applications. As a risk mitigation strategy in the selection of crops, technical oil qualities should therefore preferably be produced by oil crop platforms dedicated for industrial usage. This review presents a short survey of oil crop platforms to be considered for either multi-purpose or technical oils production. Included among the former platforms are some of the major oil crops in cultivation such as oil palm, soybean and rapeseed. Among the later are those that could be developed into dedicated industrial platforms such as crambe, flax, cotton and Brassica carinata. The survey finishes off by highlighting the potential of substantial increase in plant oil production by developing metabolic flux platforms, which are starch crops converted into oil crops. (c) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning and functional characterization of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in the novel oilseed crop Lepidium campestre L.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 130, s. 407-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>We aim at domesticating the cruciferous Lepidium campestre L. as a novel oilseed crop. The potential to modify the fatty acid profile of the seed oil to obtain a suitable industrial oil quality is being explored. Using degenerate primers, two cDNAs corresponding to a putative FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1 (FAE1) and a putative microsomal FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2), respectively, were obtained from a L. campestre RACE-ready cDNA library from developing fruits. The LcFAE1 cDNA contains a CDS (coding sequences) of 1521 nt and the LcFAD2 cDNA contains a CDS of 1152 nt. These L. campestre cDNAs both show high homology to other plant FAE1 and FAD2 genes. Functional complementation with the LcFAE1 and LcFAD2 in Arabidopsis thaliana fae1 and fad2 mutants, low in eicosenoic acid and linoleic acid, respectively, restores the wild-type fatty acid profile of the seed oil. Thus, development of L. campestre cultivars with a modified seed oil quality through up- or down-regulation of the cloned genes may be achieved provided that an efficient transformation protocol for this species is developed.
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| 6. |
- Hegay, Sergay, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing host-plant resistance to anthracnose in Kyrgyz common bean through inoculation-based and marker-aided selection
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 133, s. 86-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legume crops for human consumption. However, its grain yield can be reduced by up to 90% by the seedborne disease, anthracnose. Fungicide treatment is costly and time-consuming. The introduction of host plant resistance against this disease appears, therefore, to be crucial for enhancing the productivity of this crop in Kyrgyzstan. The use of DNA-based markers in backcrossing programmes may help speed up the breeding for resistance. In this study, we used a combination of inoculation tests and a DNA marker (SCAreoli marker) to track the transfer of host-plant resistance (Co-2 gene) from two donor cultivars, Vaillant' and Flagrano', to susceptible Kyrgyz cultivars Ryabaya', Kytayanka' and Lopatka', which are widely grown in the country. The segregating offspring were evaluated to test the reliability of the SCAreoli marker as selection aid for host-plant resistance to anthracnose. Our study showed that a co-dominant DNA marker can successfully be used in backcross breeding to distinguish segregating material in different market classes of common bean.
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| 7. |
- Jahoor, Ahmed
(författare)
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Chromosomal regions associated with the in vitro culture response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) microspores
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 134, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generation of doubled haploid plants is a powerful tool in breeding, as homozygous individuals will be obtained directly from hybrids. However, genotype variability in regeneration efficiency of most European wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties has limited its use in wheat. This study intended to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for green plantlet regeneration from wheat microspore cultures. A QTL analysis using DArT markers was conducted based on a bi-parental F-3 population, derived from a cross between the varieties Svilena and Jensen, which displayed markedly different capacity for plantlet regeneration. Two QTLs on chromosome 1B and 7B explained 53% of the variation in green plantlet regeneration. Furthermore, a collection of 94 European wheat varieties was genotyped and phenotyped. The microspore response level was low among western and northern European wheat varieties, and the positive QTLs found in the bi-parental population were rare in the variety collection. Identification of the two QTLs enables introduction of high regeneration efficiency into wheat germplasm. Moreover, our results proved that the efficient regeneration observed for one variety could be crossed into modern winter wheat.
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| 8. |
- Jahoor, Ahmed
(författare)
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Genomewide association study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance towards Septoria tritici blotch in North European winter wheat
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 136, s. 474-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal diseases are a major constraint for wheat production. Effective disease resistance is essential for ensuring a high production quality and yield. One of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat is Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which influences wheat production across the world. In this study, genomewide association mapping was used to identify new chromosomal regions on the wheat genome conferring effective resistance towards STB. A winter wheat population of 164 North European varieties and breeding lines was genotyped with 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array. The varieties were evaluated for STB in field trials at three locations in Denmark and across 3years. The association analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5D and 7A, highly associated with STB resistance. By comparing varieties containing several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with varieties containing none of the found QTL, a significant difference was found in the mean disease score. This indicates that an effective resistance can be obtained by pyramiding several QTL.
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| 9. |
- Petros, Yohannes, et al.
(författare)
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Developing high oleic acid in Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. by plant breeding
- 2009
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541 .- 1439-0523. ; 128, s. 691-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Oleic acid content was increased from approximately 5-11% to 80-86% in Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. materials from Ethiopia after repeated selection and breeding. Achenes collected from Ethiopia were screened for elevated oleic acid content by half seed technique. The starting materials for breeding were nine plants selected from among 272 seeds analysed and having an average oleic acid content of approximately 21% which is considered to be high compared with the 5-11% reported earlier for niger materials of Ethiopian origin. It was observed that the oleic acid content steadily increased after each round of selection and breeding. The percent oleic acid in the seed oil increased to an average of 35.2% and 53.4% after the first and second round of breeding, respectively and ultimately to over 80% after the third round of breeding. It was also observed that the percent oleic acid in the oil stabilizes and the plants breed true when the oleic acid content in the parental seeds was above 79%.
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| 10. |
- Skov Kristensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic mapping of the barley lodging resistance locus Erectoides-k
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plant Breeding. - : Wiley. - 0179-9541. ; 135:4, s. 420-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant erectoides-k.32 (ert-k.32) was isolated in 1947 from an X-ray-mutant population of cultivar ‘Bonus’. The mutant was released as a cultivar in 1958 with the name ‘Pallas’ – one of the first cereal crop cultivars developed from induced mutants. ‘Pallas’ is a semi-dwarf barley cultivar known for its culm stability and resistance to lodging. In total, eight allelic ert-k mutants are known that show different phenotypic strength concerning culm length and spike architecture. They represent alternatives to the widely used, but pleiotropic ‘Green Revolution’ alleles of the Sdw1 (semidwarf1/denso) and Uzu1 (semi-brachytic1) genes in breeding of robust elite barley cultivars. In the present study, we locate Ert-k to a 15.7-cM region in the centromeric region of chromosome 6H. Although the interval is estimated to contain approximately 700 genes, the work provides a solid foundation for the identification of the underlying mutations causing the ert-k lodging-resistant phenotype. In addition, the linked markers could be used to follow the ert-k mutant genotype in marker-assisted selection of new lodging-resistant barley cultivars.
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