| 1. |
- Jonsson, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and variability in the realism of confidence judgments over time, content domain, and gender
- 2003
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Pergamon. - 1873-3549 .- 0191-8869. ; 34:4, s. 559-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the influence on the realism of confidence judgments of four different factors, the individual, the knowledge domain (crystallized and fluid intelligence), gender and cognitive style (Need-for-Cognition, NfC). Seventy-nine high-school students answered questions on word knowledge (WORD) and logical/spatial ability (DTK), both tests were administered on three occasions with two weeks between each trial. After each test question, each individual gave a confidence rating of his or her answer. The results showed some, but not perfect, individual stability. Furthermore, within-subject differences were found between domains (WORD/DTK); the participants showed better calibration and less overconfidence for the WORD-test as compared to the DTK-test. No stable gender differences were found for any of the two tests. Finally, the results show that having high NfC is not associated with better realism in confidence judgments. These results suggest that the realism of confidence judgments is, at least on the distal level, influenced by many different factors.
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| 2. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Differences between severely conduct-disordered juvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study of personality traits
- 1999
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 26:5, s. 827-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality traits among a group of 47 severely conduct-disordered (C-D) juvenile males from four Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offences were studied. The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I), including an impulsivity scale from the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy (IVE) inventory, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS) form V, were administered to the C-D juveniles. The scores from the KSP for this group were compared to scores from a presentative group of 82 normal juvenile male subjects from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA). Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated between the KSP scales and scales from the EPQ-I, and between the SSS and scales from the EPQ-I and KSP inventories. The C-D juveniles displayed notably higher scores than the mean normal scores on psychopathy-related personality scales. The present results are consistent with earlier findings concerning personality dimensions in adult criminal psychopaths: high scores on impulsivity and sensation seeking, and low scores on conformity reflected in low socialization and high psychoticism.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Koivula, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes : effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence
- 2002
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 32:5, s. 865-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The setting of high standards is an integral part of elite sports, and often beneficial for the athlete's performance. However. individuals who are characterized by frequent cognitions about the attainment of ideal, perfectionistic standards, have been shown to be likely to experience heightened levels of anxiety. due to discrepancies between ideal and current self 1 situation. This could Of Course be detrimental to their sport performance. The aim Of the Study Was to investigate the relationship between different patterns of perfectionistic dimensions and sport-related competitive anxiety and self-confidence. for elite athletes with different self-esteem strategies. The results revealed that the relation between self-esteem and perfectionism differs depending on which dimensions of self-esteem and perfectionism that ire being considered. Athletes with a high self-esteem based on a respect and love for themselves had more positive patterns of perfectionism, whereas athletes who have a self-esteem that is dependent on competence aspects showed I more negative perfectionism. Further, negative patterns of perfectionism were in the present Study related to higher levels of cognitive anxiety and lower levels of self-confidence, Hence, it seems that sport related anxiety is positively associated to certain patterns of perfectionism. patterns that are more common in individuals with specific self-esteem strategies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Saboonchi, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Perfectionism, anger, somatic health, and positive affect
- 2003
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 35:7, s. 1585-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associations between perfectionism, anger, somatic health, and positive affect were examined in 184 Swedish adults from a randomly selected population sample. Somewhat unexpectedly, trait anger was found to be associated with self-oriented perfectionism rather than with socially prescribed perfectionism. Both socially prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism showed weak positive correlations with self-reported somatic complaints, particularly symptoms of tension and fatigue, and more clearly in women than in men, whereas other-oriented perfectionism appeared as a predictor of whether the participants were undergoing medical treatment or not. Finally, the results did not support the notion of self-oriented perfectionism representing a positive, adaptive dimension of perfectionism; on the contrary, this dimension was found to be negatively associated with positive affect.
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| 6. |
- Saboonchi, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Perfectionism, self-consciousness and anxiety
- 1997
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 22:6, s. 921-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between perfectionism, anxiety, and self-consciousness was studied in a normal sample. The perfectionism dimensions of Concern over Mistakes, Doubts about Action, and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism showed a pattern of correlations not only with measures of social anxiety, but also with measures of agoraphobic fears, and fears of bodily injury, death and illness. Public self-consciousness also correlated with various measures of anxiety, but these correlations disappeared when the relevant dimensions of perfectionism were controlled for. It is concluded that perfectionism is a more relevant construct in the study of anxiety than is public self-consciousness. The results are discussed in terms of possible causal relationships between perfectionism and anxiety.
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| 7. |
- Thunholm, Peter
(författare)
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Decision-making style : habit, style or both?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 36:4, s. 931-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between individual decision-making styles as measured by the General Decision-making Style (GDMS) test, developed by Scott and Bruce (1995), and some mental abilities theoretically related to decision-making. Participants were 206 Swedish military officers from all services. The multiple regression analysis showed that the Rational, Dependent and Avoidant, but not the Intuitive and Spontaneous decision-making styles could be partly predicted from scores on the Self-esteem Scales (Forsman & Johnson, 1996) and from scores on the Action Control Scales (Kuhl, 1994). The result indicates that decision-making style is not only reflective of habits and thinking practices as proposed in earlier research. Decision-making style also involves basic self-evaluation and the general ability to initiate and maintain intentions (i.e. self-regulation). This calls for a wider definition of the term decision-making style, a holistic definition that takes the whole individual into consideration.
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| 8. |
- Abdollahi, Abbas, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional intelligence moderates perceived stress and suicidal ideation among depressed adolescent inpatients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 102, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because it remains one of the third leading causes of death among adolescents around the world, suicide is a major public health concern. This study was designed in response to this concern by examining the relationships among perceived stress, emotional intelligence, and suicidal ideation and to test the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation. A sample of depressed adolescents (n = 202) was recruited from five hospitals in Tehran, Iran, and then asked to complete measures of patient health, suicidal ideation, perceived stress, and emotional intelligence. Structural Equation Modeling showed that depressed adolescent in-patients with high levels of perceived stress and low levels of emotional intelligence were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Multi-group analysis indicated that depressed in-patients high in both perceived stress and emotional intelligence had less suicidal ideation than others. The findings support the notion that perceived stress acts as a vulnerability factor that increase suicidal ideation among depressed inpatients. Suicidal history moderated the relationship between emotional intelligence and suicidal ideation. These findings also highlight the importance of emotional intelligence as a buffer in the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- af Klinteberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking habits – Associations with personality/behavior, platelet monoamine oxidase activity and plasma thyroid hormone levels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 118, s. 71-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to outline results from our scientific studies on the associations among childhood behavior, adult personality, and biochemical factors in smoking habits. The studies consisted of: (1) follow-up of young criminals and controls, subdivided into risk for antisocial behavior groups, based on childhood rating levels of a projective test; and adult smoking habit groups; and (2) a large group of young adults examined on the same inventories. Personality in terms of KSP and EPQ-I scale scores, controlled for intelligence, indicated that the high and very high risk groups displayed significantly higher self-rated impulsiveness, anxiety, and nonconformity, as compared to the low risk group. Further, the very high risk group subjects, found to be overrepresented among subjects with heavy smoking habits, displayed lower mean platelet MAO-B activity and higher thyroid hormone levels than the low risk group. Thus, the higher the childhood risk for antisocial behavior, the clearer the adult personality pattern making subjects more disposed for smoking appeared; and the higher smoking habits, the stronger the relationships with biochemical measures. Results are discussed in terms of possible underlying mechanisms influencing personality and smoking habits.
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