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1.
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2.
  • Jeppsson, Ulf (författare)
  • Editorial
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Environmental Impact Assessment Review. - 0195-9255. ; 20:3, s. 261-263
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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3.
  • Brismar, Anna (författare)
  • Attention to impact pathways in EISs of large dam projects
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 24:1, s. 59-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The importance of addressing cumulative environmental impacts in Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) of large development projects is increasingly underlined. However, cumulative impacts are generated through complex impact pathways, involving multiple root causes and lower and higher order effects, interlinked by cause-effect relationships. Consideration to potential impact pathways may thus be difficult without appropriate analytical methods, expertise, and supportive Environmental Impact Assessment guidelines and terms-of-references (TOR). This paper presents the results of an analysis of six EISs prepared for large dam projects between 1994 and 2001. The objective was to analyze if, how, and to what extent potential impact pathways involved in the generation of dam-related cumulative impacts have been addressed in the analyzed material. For this purpose, a theoretical framework was developed, which identifies four key root causes, their potential effects, and associated cause-effect relationships. The analysis revealed various shortcomings. Important imbalances were found in the degree of attention given to effects of different categories. Lower order effects received greater attention than higher order, and the potential effects of reservoir filling were more extensively attended to than those of flow blockage, storage, and regulation. Most importantly, little effort was made to carefully explain the potential impact pathways involved, root causes were often referred to in general terms only, and potential pathways leading up to an anticipated higher order effect or following upon an expected lower order effect were often inadequately addressed or ignored. Probable reasons for the discovered shortcomings are discussed and recommendations are presented for improving the World Bank EIA guidelines for large dam projects. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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4.
  • Finnveden, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Strategic environmental assessment methodologies : applications within the energy sector
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 23:1, s. 91-123
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a procedural tool and within the framework of SEA, several different types of analytical tools can be used in the assessment. Several analytical tools are presented and their relation to SEA is discussed including methods for future studies, Life Cycle Assessment, Risk Assessment, Economic Valuation and Multi-Attribute Approaches. A framework for the integration of some analytical tools in the SEA process is suggested. It is noted that the available analytical tools primarily cover some types of environmental impacts related to emissions of pollutants. Tools covering impacts on ecosystems and landscapes are more limited. The relation between application and choice of analytical tools is discussed. It is suggested that SEAs used to support a choice between different alternatives require more quantitative methods, whereas SEAs used to identify critical aspects and suggest mitigation strategies can suffice with more qualitative methods. The possible and desired degree of site-specificity in the assessment can also influence the choice of methods. It is also suggested that values and world views can be of importance for judging whether different types of tools and results are meaningful and useful. Since values and world views differ between different stakeholders, consultation and understanding are important to ensure credibility and relevance.
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5.
  • Soneryd, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Noise and newts : public engagement in the UK and Sweden
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 23:1, s. 17-37
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are many incentives to improve public participation involvement in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and public inquiries not least because the conflicts arising from protests against new developments are practical problems that need to be solved. This paper addresses the ambition of promoting public participation in EIA. In doing this, it illustrates how legal or quasi-legal processes, such as EIA and public inquiries facilitate or restrain public involvement. Two cases of airport developments are compared: the EIA process for the planned extension of the airport in Örebro, Sweden and the public inquiry process for the planned extension of the airport in Manchester, UK. The concluding section discusses how the requirement to achieve efficient public involvement could be met.
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6.
  • Tyskeng Bruhn-Tysk, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental impact assessment : a tool for sustainable development? A case study of biofuelled energy plants in Sweden
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Environmental Impact Assessment Review. - 0195-9255. ; 22:2, s. 129-144
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Properly performed, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a useful tool for promoting sustainable development because it includes many components that can help facilitate intragenerational and intergenerational equity. In a case study, environmental impact statements (EISs) for Swedish biofuelled energy plants are analysed to see whether they include components vital to meet intra- and intergenerational equity, such as assessing local and global impacts, use of resources, public influence on project development, and alternative project design. The analysis shows that the environmental aspects of sustainable development on a local level are only partly met by EIA. However, global effects and effects on the management of natural resources are not assessed, excluding aspects that may affect future generations. Based on this, and since no concerns for sustainable development on a societal level were found, it is concluded that EIA practice in Sweden may not, to a full extent, serve as a tool to promote sustainable development
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7.
  • Adem Esmail, Blal, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Design and impact assessment of watershed investments: An approach based on ecosystem services and boundary work.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 62, s. 1-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Watershed investments, whose main aim is to secure water for cities, represent a promising opportunity for large-scale sustainability transitions in the near future. If properly designed, they promote activities in the watershed that enhance ecosystem services while protecting nature and biodiversity, as well as achieving other societal goals. In this paper, we build on the concepts of ecosystem services and boundary work, to develop and test an operative approach for designing and assessing the impact of watershed investments. The approach is structured to facilitate negotiations among stakeholders. Its strategic component includes setting the agenda; defining investment scenarios; and assessing the performance of watershed investments as well as planning for a follow-up. Its technical component concerns data processing; tailoring spatially explicit ecosystem service models; hence their application to design a set of “investment portfolios”, generate future land use scenarios, and model impacts on selected ecosystem services. A case study illustrates how the technical component can be developed in a data scarce context in sub-Saharan Africa in a way that is functional to support the steps of the strategic component. The case study addresses soil erosion and water scarcity-related challenges affecting Asmara, a medium-sized city in Eritrea, and considers urban water security and rural poverty alleviation as two illustrative objectives, within a ten-year planning horizon. The case study results consist in spatially explicit data (investment portfolio, land use scenario, impact on ecosystem services), which were aggregated to quantitatively assess the performance of different watershed investments scenarios, in terms of changes in soil erosion control. By addressing stakeholders' concerns of credibility, saliency, and legitimacy, the approach is expected to facilitate negotiation of objectives, definition of scenarios, and assessment of alternative watershed investments, ultimately, to contribute to implementing an adaptive watershed management.
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8.
  • Arushanyan, Yevgeniya, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainability assessment framework for scenarios – SAFS
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 63, s. 23-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To address current challenges regarding sustainable development and support planning for this form of development, new learning about different possible futures and their potential sustainability implications is needed. One way of facilitating this learning is by combining the futures studies and sustainability assessment (SA) research fields. This paper presents the sustainability assessment framework for scenarios (SAFS), a method developed for assessing the environmental and social risks and opportunities of future scenarios, provides guidelines for its application and demonstrates how the framework can be applied. SAFS suggests assessing environmental and social aspects using a consumption perspective and a life cycle approach, and provides qualitative results. SAFS does not suggest any modelling using precise data, but instead offers guidelines on how to carry out a qualitative assessment, where both the process of assessing and the outcome of the assessment are valuable and can be used as a basis for discussion. The benefits, drawbacks and potential challenges of applying SAFS are also discussed in the paper. SAFS uses systems thinking looking at future societies as a whole, considering both environmental and social consequences. This encourages researchers and decision-makers to consider the whole picture, and not just individual elements, when considering different futures.
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9.
  • Balfors, Berit, et al. (författare)
  • Strategic environmental assessment in Swedish municipal planning. Trends and challenges
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 73, s. 152-163
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • More than a decade after the implementation of the EU Directive on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) into Swedish legislation, a comprehensive study has been conducted to analyze the development of SEA practice in municipal planning. The analysis was based on a nationwide mapping of SEA in Swedish municipal comprehensive plans and municipal sector plans, such as energy plans and waste plans, which were adopted in the period 2004-2014. The mapping was used for obtaining evidence of, and explanations for, the extent to which SEAs have been carried out and to enable an identification of the presence of alternatives and specified purposes of the plan. In this paper, the result of the analysis of the development of SEA practice is presented, which shows that municipal comprehensive plans had an SEA to an increasingly greater extent, up to on average 90% for the period 2010-2014. For waste plans and energy plans, corresponding figures for the same period were significantly lower. In addition, the result shows a decreasing trend between 2006 and 2014 regarding the proportion of SEAs that included more than one plan alternative. The use of a zero alternative, however, increased from 2006 to 2014. A regression analysis was conducted to identify determinants that explain the variation in the degree to which screening and SEAs were conducted. The findings of the study show that a systematic mapping of SEA practice provides empirical basis for the development of policy measures to enhance the use of SEAS in municipal planning. Furthermore, it is argued that strengthening the link between alternatives and the purposes of the plan may foster a more strategic thinking when identifying reasonable alternatives on how to promote sustainable development within the planning. Moreover, it is argued that mandatory SEA should be considered in municipal comprehensive and sector planning.
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10.
  • Björklund, Anna (författare)
  • Life cycle assessment as an analytical tool in strategic environmental assessment. Lessons learned from a case study on municipal energy planning in Sweden
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 32:1, s. 82-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Life cycle assessment (LCA) is explored as an analytical tool in strategic environmental assessment (SEA), illustrated by case where a previously developed SEA process was applied to municipal energy planning in Sweden. The process integrated decision-making tools for scenario planning, public participation and environmental assessment. This article describes the use of LCA for environmental assessment in this context, with focus on methodology and practical experiences. While LCA provides a systematic framework for the environmental assessment and a wider systems perspective than what is required in SEA, LCA cannot address all aspects of environmental impact required, and therefore needs to be complemented by other tools. The integration of LCA with tools for public participation and scenario planning posed certain methodological challenges, but provided an innovative approach to designing the scope of the environmental assessment and defining and assessing alternatives.
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