| 1. |
- Aggestam, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Depoliticising water conflict. The quest for functional peacebuilding in the Red Sea-Dead-Sea-Water-Conveyance project.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 61:7, s. 1302-1312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the nexus of technocracy-peacebuilding and its implications on water conflicts and hydropolitics. It is a conceptual exploration, which advances an interdisciplinary approach by combining theories from two distinct research fields: peacebuilding and transboundary water management. It probes the argument that synergies between water management, development and peacebuilding frequently lead to technocratic and functional solutions. As empirical case illustration, the transboundary project, the Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance (RSDSWC) is analysed regarding its peacebuilding and peace promoting potential. Three concluding remarks are drawn from the conceptual and empirical analysis. First, strong emphasis on technocratic solutions is inclined to favour supply-oriented options rather than solutions based on ethics of sustainable development and right-based distribution. Second, functional solutions to water conflicts downplay at times complex hydro-political and asymmetrical relations between adversaries. Third, wider trends of privatisation in the water sector coincide with similar developments in the field of peacebuilding where new transnational actors are gaining influence as “new peacemakers”, which are likely to have long-term consequences on power relations and the resolution of water conflict.
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| 2. |
- Aggestam, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Preface—Hydrology and Peace in the Middle East
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 61:7, s. 1301-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Alonso Vicario, S., et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the influence of human behaviour on reducing casualties during flood evacuation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:14, s. 2359-2375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floods are the natural hazards that are causing the most deaths worldwide. Flood early warning systems are one of the most cost-efficient methods to reduce death rates, triggering decisions about the evacuation of exposed population. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of human behaviours on evacuation processes, studies analysing a combination of behaviours, flood onset and warning timing are limited. Our objective is to explore how changes on the aforementioned factors can affect casualties. This is done within a modelling framework that includes an agent-based model, a hydraulic model, and a traffic model, which is implemented for the case study of Orvieto (Italy). The results show that the number of casualties is most impacted by people's behaviour. Besides, we found that a delay of 30 min in releasing the warning can boost the number of casualties up to six times. These results may help managers to propose effective emergency plans.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Lars
(författare)
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Groundwater and meltwater in the snowmelt induced runoff : [Eau souterraine et eau de fusion dans l'écoulement résultant de la fonte de la neige]
- 1982
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 27:2, s. 147-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The snowmelt runoff process from small basins is discussed. A differentiation is made between overland flow in the snowpack and groundwater flow induced by infiltrating meltwater. The effect of variations of the snowmelt intensity on streamflow is studied. It is shown that the runoff is high from the first day of snowmelt runoff if the streamflow is caused by overland flow, and that there are pronounced peaks every day, which almost correspond with the snowmelt intensity during daytime. Streamflow originating from groundwater, on the other hand, increases continuously during the snowmelt and shows only small daily peaks in the flow. Simultaneous overland and groundwater flow are also discussed. Observed runoff hydrographs from small basins are analysed in some detail. For the open fields studied the runoff shows the typical character of overland flow. For a rather large forested area the surface runoff also constitutes an important part of the runoff, but the groundwater baseflow is considerable.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Urban snowmelt and runoff in northern Sweden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 37:3, s. 263-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snowmelt and runoff in urban areas in Lulea, north Sweden, are discussed and compared with rural conditions. The uneven snow distribution in cities is quantified. Energy fluxes at the snow surface in different environments are estimated. It is shown that, mainly because of increased absorbed radiative energy in the snow, the daily melt is about 10 mm higher in the city than in rural environments. In the course of prolonged snowmelt, the infiltration capacity of most soils in urban areas becomes so reduced that melt-induced peak flows from grassed and gravelled surfaces are similar to those from asphalted surfaces. When rain falls on snow, overland flow may take place from the entire area of a basin.
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| 6. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny
(författare)
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Application des équations d'infiltration à un bassin versant avec des grands variabilités spatiales de l'infiltration
- 1987
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 32:3, s. 399-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The infiltration equations according to Horton and Philip are applied to 52 double-ring infiltrometer tests performed in a small semiarid catchment in northern Tunisia. Spatial variability in infiltration properties is analysed as regards the coefficients of the two equations. Different geomorphological zones display different infiltration characteristics even if there is large variability within each zone and no clear statistical difference between the zones. Statistical properties of the coefficients of Horton's and Philip's equations describing cumulative infiltration are presented and discussed. The statistical distribution of the coefficients seems to be well approximated by an exponential function.
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| 7. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Educating the compassionate water engineer - a remedy to avoid future water management failures?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 50:1, s. 7-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of local and regional-scale water management failures appears steadily to increase despite an apparently higher level of engineering solutions at hand. The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges the existing education system needs to meet in order to produce water engineers capable of responding to the complexity of contemporary and future water problems in relation to societal needs. The next generation of water engineers may stay in their professional functions until 2040 or 2050. It is likely that in this period more critical water management and environmental problems will be experienced than have been encountered so far. The question then arises whether the present water engineers have the proper background education to understand environmental, hydrological, ecological and socio-economic problems to resolve related water management problems. Future water engineers must, to a greater extent, include socio-economic consequences in planned and/or designed water management systems and convey greater transparency regarding risks and societal effects.
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| 8. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Soil water, soil chemical and crop variations in a clay soil
- 1996
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 41:2, s. 171-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial properties of field soils vary in a complex manner. Especially in arid and semiarid areas, this variability affects plant quality and crop production. An experimental field plot was extensively sampled regarding soil water (378 gravimetrical samples), soil chemical content (314 samples), and crop yield and chemical content (26 samples) at the Cherfech agricultural field research station in Tunisia. Geostatistical analyses were made to gain a better understanding of the in situ variability of soil water, soil chemical and crop properties. Ranges of correlation were found to vary over distances between 5 and over 40 m. Nugget and sill values for semivariograms were almost an order of magnitude larger for crop samples compared to soil samples. The crop yield components appeared to have larger variability as compared to crop chemical components.
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| 9. |
- Beven, Keith
(författare)
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Facets of uncertainty : epistemic uncertainty, non-stationarity, likelihood, hypothesis testing, and communication
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 61:9, s. 1652-1665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a discussion of some of the issues associated with the multiple sources of uncertainty and non-stationarity in the analysis and modelling of hydrological systems. Different forms of aleatory, epistemic, semantic, and ontological uncertainty are defined. The potential for epistemic uncertainties to induce disinformation in calibration data and arbitrary non-stationarities in model error characteristics, and surprises in predicting the future, are discussed in the context of other forms of non-stationarity. It is suggested that a condition tree is used to be explicit about the assumptions that underlie any assessment of uncertainty. This also provides an audit trail for providing evidence to decision makers.
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| 10. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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