| 1. |
- Adler, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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The city and high-tech startups : The spatial organization of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship
- 2019
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In: Cities. - : Pergamon Press. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 87:April, s. 121-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on Schumpeterian entrepreneurship identifies new high-growth startup companies as key factors in technological innovation and economic growth. While economists have tended to focus on high-growth, high-tech startup firms as the unit of analysis, economic geographers and urbanists have examined the geographic dimensions of entrepreneurship, particularly the rise of entrepreneurial clusters and eco systems. We focus here on a particular type of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship associated with high-tech startup companies, or what we refer to as “tech-startup entrepreneurship.†We contend that the organization of such Schumpeterian entrepreneurship occurs at two spatial scales. At the macro-geographic level, it is highly clustered and concentrated in a relatively small number of global cities or metro areas. At the micro-geographic level, it is highly concentrated in distinct districts or micro-clusters within these leading cities and metro areas. To examine the geographic dimensions of tech-startup entrepreneurship across these spatial scales, we use previously unused data on venture capital-financed startups at the metropolitan and district levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that tech-startup entrepreneurship is organized across two distinct but related spatial scales, which act on entrepreneurial activity through different mechanisms. These findings suggest that local diversity and local specialization can simultaneously potentiate innovation, and that a multi-scalar approach to the geography of entrepreneurship is prudent.
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| 2. |
- Adolphson, Marcus, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Impact on urban form by the localization of railway stations : Evidence from Sweden
- 2019
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since the 1990s a number of new railway stations have been established in Sweden on new or rerouted lines, while other stations have been reconstructed at their original locations. Some stations were located in urban surroundings, others in semi-urban or peripheral locations depending on the trade of between regional speed, and local urban circumstances. The urban form consequences depending on station localisation of these transport infrastructure investments are nonetheless unknown. In order to provide a basis for future planning, this research aims to provide knowledge on urban form consequences of relocating railway stations. 13 stations were selected in a case study. Changes in urban densities from 1993 to 2013 were analysed by a combination of kernel techniques and estimation of monocentric density models. Stations within an urban and semi-urban environments show strong agglomeration tendencies. Within peripheral environments, the urban development was unclear or even negative. In an urban environment, the location of the station still attracted more urban resources compared to the location of the urban density centre. These findings should be understood in the light of a market-oriented socio-economic context since 1990th influencing the planning system and the development of urban form.
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| 3. |
- Amcoff, Jan, 1966-
(author)
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Searching for new ways to achieve mixed neighbourhoods
- 2022
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the relationship between housing mix and population mix, which is often assumed to exist in social mix policies. As urban form has been suggested as an alternative factor related to population mix, this feature is also considered. In Sweden, one of the main ways to achieve population mix is through housing mix by the densification of already established neighbourhoods. Thus, a salt-and-pepper-like housing mix policy has emerged, which has been adopted to various extents by the (in this respect, rather autonomous) municipalities. Accordingly, in the present study, the grades of mixes are calculated at a detailed geographical level using an entropy index, and then aggregated to the 124 urban (≥10,000 inhabitants) localities in Sweden. However, correlations between the urban localities' grades of housing/tenure mixes and population mixes cannot be found. Yet, significant correlations can be established between urban form and urban localities' various population mixes. Therefore, it is argued that urban form deserves more attention in future studies of population mix. Future research on both population mix and its extension, mix policies, may benefit from more consideration of urban contexts.
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| 4. |
- Bautista-Puig, Núria, Postdoc Researcher, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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The role of urban resilience in research and its contribution to sustainability
- 2022
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban resilience is an emergent concept that is receiving an increasing attention. Its definition is linked with the ability of an urban system to resist, maintain continuity and recover through all stresses while adapting and transforming towards sustainability. The aim of this study is two-fold. First, we analyse the research output on urban resilience using bibliometric techniques and Web of Science (WoS) in order to define the scope and identify topics in the urban resilience literature. CiteSpace software is used to establish the intellectual framework. Second, their contribution to sustainability dimensions and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on the research output is explored.For that purpose, we examined 1014 publications during the period 1998–2020. The findings reveal urban resilience literature has grown since the 2009.A specialization in recent years from more theoretical research to a more practical is identified. In terms of contribution towards sustainability, the findings show the number of publications that directly address sustainability is scarce and more balanced to environmental and social perspectives. These findings can provide a better understanding of the patterns and trends in the field and provides first evidence of the contribution of academic research on urban resilience to sustainability.
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| 5. |
- Bjerke, Lina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Mover stayer winner loser : A study of income effects from rural migration
- 2022
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 130:November
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rural-urban migration theory suggests that one gains economically by moving from a rural to an urban area. The popular juxtaposing notion is: "If you stay, you lose." But given the rapid increase in housing costs in bigger cities, are losses from staying in rural areas still necessarily the rule? If so, how big is the economic loss for those who stay in rural regions? Using Swedish micro data, we focus on the income effects of rural-urban migration among young individuals. We find that staying in a rural region is negatively related to an individual's income levels, but the loss is mostly insignificant. After controlling for housing costs, it is even beneficial for many people to stay in their rural areas, except for the most highly educated individuals who can benefit by moving to an urban area.
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| 6. |
- Brettmo, Alena, et al.
(author)
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Business Improvement Districts as important influencers for changing to sustainable urban freight
- 2020
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper explores the ways in which Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) can promote initiatives that lead to more sustainable urban goods movements in urban areas. The qualitative research was conducted by studying eight BIDs in three cities and in three countries - all the BIDs studied had considered or taken actions related to urban freight and sustainability. The results show that BIDs in different countries have similarities and differences in their organisational structure and functions, the main services provided and readiness to promote initiatives related to urban freight improvements. We identified that differences in their accomplishments relate to their motivation, awareness of the scope to influence urban freight and the extent of their collaboration with local and city authorities concerning urban freight initiatives. In general, we suggest that BIDs have the potential to act as important influencers in urban freight as they (i) unite the receivers and encourage them to address joint operations that bring economic and environmental benefits (ii) give the receivers the possibility to implement changes through the power of collective action (iii) facilitate the dialogue and collaboration with local and city authorities. As a result, we suggest that the measures directed to BIDs on improving urban freight can have much more significant return on time and funds invested than if invested in a single businesses and organisations. Our recommendation to BIDs that would like to reach higher level of accomplishments is to ensure stakeholder engagement including engaging and collaboration with local authorities and to demonstrate their willingness to take a lead.
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| 7. |
- Buijs, Arjen E., et al.
(author)
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Advancing environmental justice in cities through the Mosaic Governance of nature-based solutions
- 2024
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nature-based solutions (NBS) are championed for providing co-benefits to cities and residents, yet their environmental justice impacts are increasingly debated. In this paper, we explore whether and how hybrid governance approaches, such as Mosaic Governance, may contribute to just transformations and sustainable cities through fostering long-term collaborations between local governments, local communities, and grassroots initiatives. Based on case studies in three major European cities, we propose and then exemplify six possible pathways to increase environmental justice: greening the neighborhood, diversifying values and practices, empowering people, bridging across communities, linking to institutions, and scaling of inclusive discourses and practices. Despite the diversity of environmental justice outcomes across cases, our results consistently show that Mosaic Governance particularly contributes to recognition justice through diversifying NBS practices in alignment with community values and aspirations. The results demonstrate the importance of a wider framing of justice in the development of NBS, sensitive to social, cultural, economic and political inequities as well understanding potential pathways to enhance not only environmental justice, but also social justice at large. Especially in marginalised communities, Mosaic Governance holds much potential to advance social justice by enabling empowering, bridging, and linking pathways across diverse communities and NBS practices.
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| 8. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Voting with one's feet : Unraveling urban centers attraction using visiting frequency
- 2022
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 127, s. 103773-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban and regional areas worldwide exhibit a complex and uneven distribution of activities with certain areas attracting more people during different time periods. In this study we systemically classify different parts of the urban area which are most attractive as measured by their ability to attract visitors. A weekly visiting profile is constructed for each travel demand zone and thereafter clustered to identify areas with common attraction patterns. We leverage on the availability of longitudinal individual mobility traces in the form of smart card data transactions. We apply our method to the case study of the multi-modal public trans-port system of the Stockholm urban agglomeration area. The results of our clustering based on the weekly visiting profiles reveal four distinctive types of visiting attraction based on the intensity and temporal distribution of activities performed. The results of this study can be used to inform planners and decision makers about the main activity locations of travellers and how their temporal patterns vary across the metropolitan area and the design of related policies.
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| 9. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(author)
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Comparing spatial patterns of robbery : Evidence from a Western and an Eastern European city
- 2008
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 25:4, s. 185-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we test hypotheses about the spatial variation in rates of robbery in West and East European cities (Cologne, Germany and Tallinn, Estonia). This comparison represents an interesting case study because Tallinn is an example of former socialist cities which have undergone a period of profound political and socio-economic change since the country's independence in the early 1990s (including EU membership). These changes are expected to have implications for the level and composition of offences as well as their geographies. Using cross-sectional datasets, we examine whether or not levels and patterns of robbery in Tallinn follow similar processes to the ones found in Cologne applying GIS (Geographical Information System) and spatial statistical techniques. Findings show that although levels of robberies (rates) are higher in Tallinn than in Cologne, their geography (ratios) follows the same overlapping components of social contexts, as social disorganization and, particularly, routine activities.
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| 10. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Defecation, littering and other acts of public disturbance in pandemic times : A study of a Scandinavian city
- 2023
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 141, s. 104456-104456
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The spatiotemporal patterns of public disturbance acts are investigated in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.Using crowdsourced data, the number of records is compared 15 months before and after the stay-at-homemeasures of the COVID-19 pandemic, controlling for seasonal trends. Poisson-Gamma-CAR regression modelsare implemented to assess the potential impact of land use on the spatial distribution of public disturbance acts,accounting for the effect of pandemic restrictions and differences in neighborhood context. Findings show that,with the exception of abandoned vehicles, there was a significant increase in records of public disturbance afterthe 2020 stay-at-home pandemic restrictions. Parks, transport hubs and less importantly, schools were significantly associated with public disturbances, controlling for neighborhood characteristics and reporting practices.Recommendations are made for research and practice.
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