| 1. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the attachment style questionnaire in Swedish pregnant women : short and full versions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 35:5, s. 450-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: (i) To evaluate the reliability and factor structure of the Attachment Style Questionnaire – Short Form (ASQ-SF) for use in pregnant women and (ii) to compare the reliability and factor structure of the short- and full version-ASQ among pregnant women. Background: Adult attachment insecurity is currently included as a major risk factor in studies of perinatal health. None of the self-report measures with a Swedish translation have been psychometrically evaluated in a pregnant cohort.Methods: A population-based cohort of 1631 pregnant women answered the ASQ in late pregnancy. Internal consistency (item- subscale correlations, Cronbach’s α, and α if item deleted) was evaluated for the seven available subscales. Con rmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run to examine the factor structure of the short form compared with the full-version. Test–retest correlations were assessed in a subgroup (n = 48).Results: All mean item-subscale correlations for the ASQ-SF were > 0.30. Cronbach’s α’s for ASQ-SF dimensions were as follows: Avoidance (0.87); Anxiety (0.89); Discomfort with Closeness (0.85); Relationships as Secondary (0.54); Con dence (0.83); Need for Approval (0.76); and Preoccupation with Relationships (0.77). No item removal substantively increased subscale α’s. The CFA demonstrated better model t for the ASQ-SF than for the full-version ASQ, while other reliability measures were similar. Test–retest correlations ranged from 0.65 to 0.84.Conclusion: The ASQ-SF showed similar psychometric properties in pregnant women as in the general population and had good reliability, but the optimal factor structure needs to be studied further. Results support the usage of the ASQ-SF in pregnant cohorts.
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| 2. |
- Bielawska-Batorowicz, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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A study of prenatal attachment with Swedish and Polish expectant mothers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:4, s. 373-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of the study was to investigate maternal prenatal attachment in Sweden and Poland, to analyse its diverse aspects, links to age, parity, planning and complications of pregnancy. Women in the third trimester of gestation filled in the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and provided some demographic and medical data. Factor analyses were performed on PAI items for both samples and scores for samples' factors were compared using ANCOVA and two-way ANOVA. Correlates of attachment were examined with Pearson r and multiple regression analysis. Five factors were extracted which explained 53.9% (Swedish data) and 51.9% (Polish data) of variance. Items with the highest loading were similar in both samples. Total PAI scores given by Polish women were higher. Polish mothers gave scores that indicated more intense interactions with unborn children, they also more often shared their opinions about the baby with others. Swedish mothers more often attributed traits and showed affection. Swedish and Polish mothers showed evidence of fantasising about their unborn babies to a similar degree. Total PAI scores and factor scores were similar in planned and unplanned pregnancies. Polish mothers had lower total scores in complicated pregnancies and Swedish mothers in uncomplicated pregnancies. When both samples were analysed together the best predictors of attachment intensity were age and nationality, but they explained only 5.2% of variance in total scores. Despite several differences the findings indicate similarities in the way relationships with an unborn child are conceptualised by Swedish and Polish mothers.
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| 3. |
- Dykes, K, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of ultrasound of primagravidae’s thoughts about their unborn child
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 19:2, s. 95-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluated the importance of ultrasound to women’s thoughts about their unborn child. 10 first-time mothers (ages 22 – 33 years) with normal pregnancies were interviewed approxi¬mately 1 week before and 1 week after their first ultrasound screening. Analysis of the interviews was conducted using the techniques of grounded theory. The results show that ultrasound was of great importance for increasing the women’s awareness of bearing a child. This realization process was expressed in various categories of thoughts about the unborn child: 1. The existing fetus, 2. The coming child, 3. The woman’s life situation, 4. Parenthood and 5. Delivery. The paper examined the way in which ultrasound influences these categories of thought.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ekelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Developing the PEER-U scale to measure parents' expectations, experiences and reactions to routine ultrasound examinations during pregnancy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 26:3, s. 211-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop and test a specific questionnaire to measure parents' expectations, experiences and reactions in connection with routine ultrasound examinations during pregnancy. A questionnaire consisting of ultrasound specific questions was constructed in two parts, one to be used before and one after the examination. It was examined for face validity and a pilot study was then conducted with women and their partners (n=156). Explorative factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to test validity and reliability. Factor analysis gave a solution where part one measures seven dimensions of expectations before the ultrasound examination and part two five dimensions of experiences and reactions. The dimensions that measured the parents' state of mind were used to calculate an index. The index was also compared to the results of State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC). The PEER-U questionnaire was tested and showed satisfactory validity and reliability. The ultrasound state of mind index can be used to measure the impact of an ultrasound examination on the parents, before and after this takes place.
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| 7. |
- Ekelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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To know or not to know – parents’ attitudes to and preferences for prenatal diagnosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 34:4, s. 356-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To highlight expectant parents’ attitudes concerning prenatal diagnosis, what the parents wish to know and what they chose not to know about their unborn baby, also in what form and to what extent they wish for prenatal diagnosis. Background: Parents have to make decisions concerning prenatal diagnosis. Screening programmes change rapidly and there is a need for parental influence on this development. Methods: An interview study with 10 women in late pregnancy and six partners. Results: The main categories ‘A time for preparation’ and ‘A lot but not everything’ included the parents’ positive attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis, especially if it could be carried out in early pregnancy and was of help for the baby, but also their negative attitudes toward information about possible future diseases that could not be prevented and towards invasive diagnosis. The parents had confidence in the caregivers’ offers of screening programmes, but described their own attitudes as changing from before pregnancy, when newly pregnant and after their ultrasound examination. The parents described themselves as partly lacking knowledge about what the existing options for prenatal diagnosis involved. Conclusions: There is a great need for competent caregivers to inform the parents-to-be about the different methods for fetal diagnosis available to them and also what information the different methods can give. Partners need to be involved in the decision-making process.
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| 8. |
- Favrod, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Spontaneous childbirth-related mental images among pregnant women : a mixed-method study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 36:4, s. 393-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mental imagery may reflect the present, past or future. Childbirth is often anticipated with joy but also in some cases with fear, which may negatively impact on the childbirth experience. So far, research on birth-related mental imagery in pregnancy is lacking. This study aimed to investigate in detail the phenomenology of spontaneous childbirth-related mental images and the association between main imagery characteristics (valence, positive/negative percentage ratio and impact on behaviour and decision-making) and fear of childbirth.Methods: A concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was employed. Thirty-seven nulliparous, French-speaking women, aged 18years in their third trimester of pregnancy completed self-report questionnaires assessing fear of childbirth, spontaneous use of mental imagery, prenatal depression and trait anxiety, and participated in a mental imagery interview to assess spontaneous childbirth-related mental images. Women with a prenatal diagnosis of malformation were excluded.Results: All participants reported having spontaneous mental images of their impending childbirth. The images captured were rich in detail and included a variety of sensory modalities. More positive mental images were associated with less fear of childbirth (r=-0.533, p=.008) and women who had a higher proportion of negative mental images had a higher fear of childbirth (r=0.428, p=.005). The impact of the most negative mental images on behaviour and decision-making was positively correlated with fear of childbirth (r=0.342, p=.038).Conclusion: Our results indicate that negative spontaneous childbirth-related imagery is associated with fear of childbirth. Intervention techniques could be developed that focus on enhancing positive childbirth-related mental images during pregnancy and thus fostering a more positive childbirth experience.
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| 9. |
- Grundström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Factors related to a positive childbirth experience - a cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aimsGiving birth is a life-changing experience for women. Most previous studies have focused on risk factors for a negative childbirth experience. The primary aim of this study was to assess childbirth experience in a sample of postnatal Swedish women. The secondary aim was to analyse demographic and clinical determinants associated with a positive birth experience.Design/MethodsA digital survey including the instrument Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2 (CEQ2) was answered by 619 women six to 16 weeks postpartum. Regression analyses were made assessing the impact that different factors had on the overall childbirth experience and the four subscales of CEQ2: Own Capacity, Perceived Safety, Professional Support and Participation.ResultsOverall, women were satisified with their birthing experience. Several factors contributed to a positive childbirth experience. Having a vaginal mode of birth (without vacuum extraction) together with not having ongoing mental health problems were the factors with the most influence on the total childbirth experience. Not having maternal complications postpartum and receiving much support from a trusted birth companion were two other important factors.ConclusionAlthough Swedish women tend to express satisfaction with their childbirth experiences, there is a necessity to advocate for a childbirth approach that optimises the chance of giving birth vaginally rather than with vacuum extraction or acute caesarean section, and reduces the risk for complications whenever possible. During pregnancy, mental health problems should be appropriately addressed. Healthcare professionals could also more actively involve the birth companion in the birthing process and equip them with the necessary tools to effectively support birthing women.
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| 10. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental stress in mothers and fathers one year after birth
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-6838 .- 1469-672X. ; 32:1, s. 41-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:The aim was to compare prenatal feelings and parental stress in parents one year after birth. An additional aim was to study associations between parental stress and several explanatory factors in mothers and fathers.Background:The birth of a baby brings many changes to the lives of parents and families. Existing research on gender differences in parental stress levels is somewhat inconclusive.Method:A longitudinal Swedish survey of a one-year cohort of 783 women and 671 male partners recruited in mid pregnancy and followed up one year after birth. Data were collected using three questionnaires where different aspects of stress arising from the parenting role measured by the Swedish Parental Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) were investigated. Results: Women and men differed in age and level of education. Women had more negative feelings towards pregnancy, birth and the early parenthood compared to men. Women reported higher levels of parental stress than men in three out of five subscales in the SPSQ (Role Restriction, Social Isolation and Spouse Relationship). The subscales were moderately correlated with background variables but strongly correlated with prenatal feelings. Prenatal negative feelings about the pregnancy, the upcoming birth and the first weeks with a newborn baby were strongly correlated with parental stress for both mothers and fathers.Conclusion:Assessing parents' feelings and prenatal attitudes is important for understanding parental stress one year after birth. Health care providers should discuss these issues with both parents during pregnancy in order to help them cope with the normal stresses of parenting.
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