| 1. |
- Andersson, Mika, et al.
(författare)
-
When there is more than one motive : A study on self-reported hate crime victimization among Swedish university students
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 24:1, s. 67-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines experiences of hate crimes with multiple motives with a focus on policy and theory-related issues. The authors found that every fifth hate crime victim reports having experiences of multiple motives. These victims are more likely to report their victimization to the police in comparison to victims of hate crimes with single motives. The results also show that belonging to several socially vulnerable groups does not correlate with higher levels of repeat victimization. This is in contrast with intersectional theory as it would predict heightened levels of victimization among such individuals. Lastly, the results show that individuals who belong to more than one socially vulnerable group are more likely to experience hate crimes with multiple motives. Implications for policy and intersectional theory are discussed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cater, Åsa K., 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Victimized as a child or youth : To whom is victimization reported and from whom do victims receive professional support?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 22:2, s. 179-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being victimized as a child or youth increases the risk of emotional and behavioural problems, and may call for a report to authorities and professional support. This study investigates how often young adult males and females in a randomly selected general population in Sweden (n=2,500) reported different types of victimization as a child or youth and to whom, from whom they received professional support, whether it was more common to receive professional support among those victimized multiple times by different types of crime, and whether there was a connection between report and support. Analyses reveal that the participants more often responded that they had not reported their victimization, than that they had reported it. For those who had, the police was the most common institution to which the victimization was reported. It was significantly more common for victimized females to both report and receive professional support than for males. There was a trend towards a greater likelihood of receiving professional support after higher levels of victimization. In all however, of those whose victimization had been reported to the authorities, only 22.4% had received professional support to deal with their experiences of victimization. We conclude that the relatively low prevalence of reporting victimization and receiving support documented in this study calls for reflection upon how well society meets the needs of victims.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ekström, Veronica, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
In the service of justice : Will social support to victims of domestic violence increase prosecution?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 22:3, s. 257-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To hold perpetrators of domestic violence accountable and punish them for their offences has been an important goal in the political rhetoric concerning domestic violence in Sweden. Through new legislation, media campaigns and collaboration projects between the police and the social services, women who have been victims of domestic violence have been urged to report to the police and remain in the criminal investigation process. The purpose of this study is to examine whether social support given at police stations will result in more prosecutions. The study is based on data collected from police investigations and analysed by a multivariate regression method. The results show that strong evidence for prosecution, such as the presence of witnesses and documented injuries, and also the offender’s position on the allegations and whether or not the woman hesitates to participate in the criminal investigation, are the most important factors for a decision to prosecute. Support to the victim from the social services also increases the probability of prosecution, but the impact is smaller and uncertain. It is concluded that this form of support should not be based on the requirement that the woman has made a police report, but rather be given to all victims of domestic violence.
|
|
| 4. |
- Enarsson, Therese, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Is it all part of the game? : Victim differentiation and the normative protection of victims of online antagonism under the European Convention on Human Rights
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 22:2, s. 123-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the issue of online antagonism (defined as antagonistic harassment, defamation, insults and threats online) and the positive obligations of states to counter such antagonism under the European Convention on Human Rights, from a legal and victimological perspective. The article illustrates how the necessary balancing between positive obligations to protect privacy under article 8, and the protection of freedom of speech under article 10, will result in different levels of protection depending on the victim and the type of victimisation in question. This may affect the possibilities for individual victims to gain legal redress, specifically access to the criminal justice system. By comparisons to the current Swedish legislative context, the article highlights some avenues for legislatures to enhance protection for certain groups without interfering with article 10. It also concludes that a failure to protect victims of online antagonism through criminal law may ipso facto weaken the foundations of public discourse that article 10 is supposed to protect, which should be taken into account in a balancing of the rights in question.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gallo, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Victim support, the state, and fellow human beings
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 25:1, s. 91-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on the interdependence between the state and Sweden's largest non-governmental victim support umbrella organization, Victim Support Sweden (VSS). In particular, it examines how government funding of VSS has developed since the end of the 1980s. Based on a qualitative analysis of government bills and VSS's annual reports, the article gives a detailed account of how a non-governmental organization and the state are interconnected in a complementary relationship. The results show that VSS has differentiated itself from the state and government agencies by defining its victim support volunteers as 'fellow human beings'. The state and VSS have, however, always been interdependent, which blurs the line between the two. VSS has relied on government grants, while the state has leaned on VSS for victim support. In addition, many of VSS's local victim support centers have signed cooperation agreements with municipalities, which may give municipalities greater control over the centers' work.
|
|
| 6. |
- Heber, Anita, 1977-
(författare)
-
Damsels, monsters, and superheroes : Exploring the metanarrative of sex trafficking
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 30:1, s. 89-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex trafficking narratives tend to follow the same storyline: a young, female victim is lured into sexual slavery by a foreign offender, and in the end, she is rescued by a Western hero. This article examines the sex trafficking narrative, and its accompanying characters in popular media, with a specific focus on the victim. It combines sex trafficking research with theories about folk tales and concepts of purity and the sacred. Empirically, the article explores the narratives of sex trafficking in six internationally influential films and books. The analysis creates an understanding of why one particular victim, and one metanarrative of sex trafficking, continue to dominate contemporary popular media. It traces the moralistic narrative continuities of sex trafficking, and creates an understanding of why we keep repeating this particular narrative, and why we seem to need it.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jacobsson, Maritha, et al.
(författare)
-
Victim-offender mediation in Sweden : Is the victim better off?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 18:3, s. 229-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we analyse recorded verbal interactions between victims and offenders in the presence of mediators. Our aim is to illuminate how victims interact, communicate and position themselves in relation to the offender. We inquire whether victims benefit from verbal interaction with offenders during a process of mediation. According to this study there are no easy answers. Victims act in diverse ways depending on their aims and the situation. They may act as moral entrepreneurs, adopt consensus-seeking strategies or take oppositional positions. This research may be informative for those who are interested in which benefits victims can achieve when they communicate with offenders in the framework of restorative justice.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johnson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Parents as victims of property crime committed by their adult children with drug problems : Results from a self-report study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 24:3, s. 329-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parents who are subjected to crime by adult children with drug problems have been neglected in victimological research. We have examined how common it is for parents to fall victim to theft and burglary committed by their children and how the risk varies depending on the parents’ and children’s circumstances. A self-report questionnaire on victimisation was distributed to parents of adult children with drug problems (n=687). The data were collected by means of a postal survey sent to members of the Swedish organisation Parents Against Drugs (Föräldraföreningen mot narkotika) (n=411) and through an online questionnaire that was disseminated on social media and among treatment facilities and other support associations for family members (n=276). Half (50.7%) of the parents declared that they had at one point or another been victims of theft or burglary committed by their children. The level was higher among older parents, among those whose children had more severe drug problems and among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Of the respondents, 9.9% had been exposed to property crime during the past year. The level was higher among parents of children who were currently taking drugs, among parents of younger children and among parents whose children were living at home. Parents of adult children with drug problems run a high risk of being subjected to property crime by their children. The risk appears to be mostly related to the children’s drug problems and certain other circumstances pertaining to the children. Further research is needed on the extent and nature of this type of crime and about risk prevention for the parents.
|
|
| 9. |
- Jägervi, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Conceptions of gender and age in Swedish victim support
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to unpack how the categories ‘gender’ and ‘age’ are understood among Swedish Victim Support organizations. This is done through a study of how individuals who work in Swedish Victim Support organizations talk about victims as well as about their own role. In an analysis of 12 focus groups from Swedish Victim Support organizations, where one part was based on vignettes and the other part on open discussion, we focus on how the supporters understand gender and age. By working with three categorical pairs – victim and supporter, male and female as well as young and old – we show that gender is a dominant categorization in understanding both victims and victim supporters. Age seemed to have more importance in how women are understood, as female victims were described quite differently depending on age, and the ideal helper was described as a mature woman. Male helpers were regarded as a homogenous group and age did not matter. Conclusively, we found that, while gender as a category was important in the understanding of how people are perceived in Victim Support, the intersection of the categories of gender and age were important in supporting and enhancing this understanding. This article points at the importance of understanding how these specific categories work.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindström, Peter, 1964-
(författare)
-
School Violence: A Multi-Level Perspective
- 2001
-
Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 8:2, s. 141-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School violence has been a recurring theme in the Swedish media over the last decade. Unfortunately research on this subject has been scarce and the media picture has therefore often been accepted uncritically. This article presents an overview of what is known about school violence in Sweden. Using a contextual approach it is also investigated to what extent individual level characteristics and features of the school context account for the risk of victimization. On the whole it is found that in schools where social capital, e.g. family and community resources, is low, violence tends to be higher, especially among students with low self-esteem and weak school involvement.
|
|
