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- Dimberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional empathy and facial reactions to facial expressions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0269-8803 .- 2151-2124. ; 25:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether people High in emotional empathy are more facially reactive than are people Low in emotional empathy when exposed to pictures of angry and happy facial expressions. Facial electromyographic activity was measured from the corrugator and the zygomatic muscle regions. In accordance with the predictions, the High empathic group reacted with larger corrugator activity to angry as compared to happy faces and with larger zygomatic activity to happy faces. However, the Low empathic group did not differentiate between the angry and happy stimuli at all. The High empathic group, as compared to the Low empathic group, also rated the angry faces as expressing more anger and the happy faces as being happier. It is concluded that high empathic people are particularly sensitive in reacting with facial reactions to facial expressions and that this ability is accompanied by a higher level of empathic accuracy.
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| 3. |
- Juran, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological Correlates of Impaired Response Inhibition During Inhalation of Propionic Acid
- 2013
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0269-8803 .- 2151-2124. ; 27:3, s. 131-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chemosensory stimulation can impair cognitive processing, which we demonstrated previously in human volunteers who showed reduced behavioral accuracy in a go/nogo flanker task during 4-hr, whole-body exposure to 10 ppm propionic acid but not during 0.3 or 5 ppm exposures ( Hey et al., 2009 ). Now we investigated event-related potentials (ERP) in a subgroup of six male volunteers from the same study to identify which cognitive processes were sensitive to propionic acid exposure. The ERP subgroup showed the same increases in chemosensory perceptions and error rate during 10 ppm exposure as the whole group. In addition several exposure-related effects were seen in the ERPs: first there were effects of the absolute level of exposure on ERP components related to inhibition (nogo-P3) and conscious error perception (late PE). We assume that the unpleasant smell of propionic acid mediates these effects. Second, there were effects related to the variability of exposure on components related to processing in conflict and error trials (N2 and error-P3). We assume that exposure variability disturbs processing especially in critical task situations such as conflict and errors. From our results we conclude that ERPs are a valuable tool to examine chemosensory mediated impairment on different cognitive processing states and their neural substrates.
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| 5. |
- Silva, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Emotions Under the Skin: Autonomic Reactivity to Emotional Pictures in Insecure Attachment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0269-8803 .- 2151-2124. ; 29:4, s. 161-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli as a function of attachment style. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) changes were simultaneously recorded while participants engaged in a visual attentional task. The task included positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures, and required the identification of a target (neutral picture rotated 90° to the left or right), among a stream of pictures in which an emotional distracter (positive or negative) was presented. Participants additionally rated each of the emotional distracters for valence and arousal. Behavioral results on the attentional task showed that positive pictures facilitated overall target detection for all participants, compared to negative and neutral pictures, and that anxiously attached participants had significantly lower accuracy scores, relative to the other groups. Affective ratings indicated that positive pictures were rated as being more pleasant than negative ones, although no differences were found in HR changes to picture valence. In contrast, negative pictures were evaluated as being highly arousing. Consistent with this, negative pictures elicited larger SCRs in both insecure anxious and avoidant groups, especially for the anxious while the secure group showed SCRs unaffected by stimuli’s arousal. Present results show that individuals with different attachment styles reveal distinct patterns of attentional bias, appraisal, and physiological reactivity toward emotionally arousing stimuli. These findings further highlight the regulatory function of the attachment system
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| 7. |
- Watling, Christopher N., et al.
(författare)
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Psychophysiological Changes Associated With Self-Regulation of Sleepiness and Cessation From a Hazard Perception Task
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0269-8803 .- 2151-2124. ; 30:2, s. 66-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between a driver's ability to identify increasing sleepiness and ceasing driving when sleepy is relatively unexamined. Several studies suggest that drivers have some ability to identify increasing levels of sleepiness. However, whether that identification of sleepiness leads to drivers being able to self-regulate and cease driving has not been examined. This study assessed the capacity of drivers to identify sleepiness and to self-regulate their own simulated driving cessation. Twenty-six young adults completed a validated hazard perception simulated task when moderately sleep deprived after a 05:00 wakeup. Participants were instructed to stop driving if they thought they were too sleepy to drive safely on the road. Physiological (EEG, EOG, and ECG) and subjective (Karolinska Sleepiness scale) measures were used to examine self-regulation of simulated driving cessation. The behavioral validity of the participants' subjective sleepiness was then examined with a 30 min nap opportunity. All participants ceased the task on average after approximately 40 min (range = 12.5-73 min). No participant was judged to have experienced any microsleeps or fallen asleep. Subjective sleepiness and EOG-based blink duration measures increased significantly from the beginning of the drive to the end of the simulated driving episodes. During the nap opportunity 23 of the 26 participants were able to achieve sleep onset. The results suggest that moderately sleep deprived individuals can identify increasing sleepiness and then take action to cease a hazard perception task. Potentially, on-road drivers could benefit from better elicitation of subjective sleepiness and their self-regulation of driving cessation.
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