| 1. |
- Seldén, Anders I., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer morbidity in workers at aluminum foundries and secondary aluminum smelters
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 32:5, s. 467-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a Swedish cohort of workers (n = 6,454) from seven aluminum foundries and three secondary aluminum (scrap) smelters there was no overall excess risk of cancer among male or female workers less than 85 years of age (males: 325 observed cases, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.13; females: 22 cases, SIR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.60–1.44). In male workers, however, significantly elevated risk estimates were observed for cancer of the lung (51 cases; SIR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.11–1.96), anorectal cancer (33 cases; SIR 2.13, 95%CI = 1.47–2.99), and sinonasal cancer (4 cases; SIR = 4.70, 95%CI = 1.28–12.01). There was no increase of urinary bladder or liver cancer. Lung cancer risks were highest in workers with a short duration of employment (<5 years) suggesting determinants of risk related to socioeconomic factors rather than the occupational environment under study, but there were also indications of a lung cancer hazard from sand casting of aluminum for 10 years or more (SIR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.01–3.87). The increase in anorectal cancer could not be etiologically related to occupational determinants of risk. Sand casting of aluminum aside, the cancer risk in secondary aluminum smelting seems to be lower than in primary aluminum smelting and in iron and steel founding, respectively.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Settimi, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk among female agricultural workers : a multi-center case-control study
- 1999
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 36:1, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCancer risk among women engaged in farming has been poorly investigated. This group of female workers is of particular interest, however, since they may experience exposure to several potential agricultural hazards.MethodsA hospital-based case-control study was conducted in five Italian rural areas to examine the association between cancer and farming among women. The areas selected were located in three different regions (i.e., Piedmont, Tuscany, and Emilia-Romagna). The following cancer sites were selected for the study: stomach, colon, rectum, lung, skin melanoma, skin non-melanoma, breast, cervix and corpus uteri, ovary, bladder, kidney. Cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were also included. Altogether, 1,044 newly diagnosed cases aged 20–75 years were ascertained from hospital records from March 1990 to September 1992, and for 945 of them detailed information was collected by a standard questionnaire. The analyses of data were performed comparing each case series to a reference group drawn from among the other sites. Unconditional logistic regression models were used in the statistical analyses.ResultsStatistically significant increased risks in association with farming were estimated for skin melanoma (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–5.8) and bladder cancer (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.1). Lung cancer was also found increased but not at a statistically significant level (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.7–4.4). An OR lower than unity was observed for postmenopausal breast cancer (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.7).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that women in farming might experience increased risk of cancers, not usually found in excess among male farmers, as well as a protective effect for postmenopausal breast cancer. The role of different patterns of exposure or gender specific responses should be considered in further studies.
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| 4. |
- Sperati, Alessandra, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality among male licensed pesticide users and their wives
- 1999
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 36:1, s. 142-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWe evaluated the mortality pattern of male licensed pesticide users and their wives in central Italy.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 2978 male farmers licensed for buying and handling toxic pesticides during the period 1971–1973 and 2586 farmers' wives. The Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMRs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were computed on the basis of regional death rates.ResultsWe found a lower than expected overall and cancer mortality. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was increased among women (SMR = 2.29, 0.62–5.86) but not in male farmers (SMR = 0.90, 0.24–2.30), while both sexes were characterized by an increased risk of leukemia (men: SMR = 1.44, 0.69–2.64; women: SMR = 2.41, 1.04–4.76), mainly due to myeloid leukemia (men: SMR = 2.43, 0.98–5.00; women: SMR = 3.14, 1.02–7.33).ConclusionsMen and women tend to share the same mortality profile. The statistically significant increase of leukemia with a threefold increased risk of the myeloid subtype only among women suggests that different pattern of exposure or biological differences between genders should be considered in evaluating health risks in agricultural settings.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alipour, Akbar, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational neck and shoulder pain among automobile manufacturing workers in Iran
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 51:5, s. 372-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper extremities are a major problem globally, though most relevant studies have been reported from high income countries. Aims and Methods The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain and its association with work-related physical and psychosocial factors and life style was determined by a cross-sectional survey using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) in the largest Iranian car manufacturing company, with more than 18,000 employees. Results A total of 14,384 (79.8%) of all employees completed the questionnaire. Depending on the questions used to measure neck and shoulder symptoms, the prevalence varied widely (from 20.5% to 3.9%). In the multiple logistic regression model, limited to employees with at least I year of work experience, risk indicators for disabling pain of the neck and/or shoulder that remained for male were: duration of employment, high visual demands, repetitive work, sitting position at work, awkward working position, no regular exercise, monotonous work, lack of encouraging organizational culture, and anxiety concerning change. For female repetitive work, sitting position at work and no support if there is trouble at work were the only remaining factors. Conclusions The study confirms the effects of physical and psychosocial factors on neck and shoulder symptoms among automobile manufacturing workers in a low to middle income country in spite of the relative youth and job insecurity of the population.
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| 7. |
- Alwis, KU, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of ionization and optimization of assay for 3-hydroxy fatty acids in house dust using ion-trap mass spectrometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 49:4, s. 286-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background 3-Hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs), components of lipid A of gram-negative bacteria are useful chemical markers of endotoxin. Methods We analyzed 3-OHFAs in house dust as trimethylsilyl (TMS) methyl ester derivatives in the electron impact ionization mode using gas chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry. Linear calibrations with r > 0.995 were observed for all the 3-OHFA methyl ester external standards. Results Recovery efficiency experiments with house dust demonstrated that accurate quantification requires calibration curves to be subjected to phase separation and solid phase extraction (SPE) because of differing clean-up losses according to chain length of 3-OHFAs. Recovery experiments also demonstrated interference with detection of C16:0 by the ion trap, which may be due to suppression of ionization by a constituent in house dust. Interference was overcome by injecting 1:4 dilutions of derivatized samples. The range of recoveries was 89.3%-111.5%.for 3-OHFAs added to house dust. The reproducibility of injections was high (CV for C14:0 = 2.36%). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.15 ng/mg for each 3-OHFA. Conclusions The modifications we made included: use of 3-hydroxy C11:0 and C13:0 methyl esters as internal standards, subjecting calibration standards to phase separation and SPE; addition of water to phase separation; addition of 1-pentadecanol as a carrier; injecting 1:4 diluted TMS derivatives of 3-OHFAs; and monitoring both m/z 131 and 133 ions to improve stability of area measurements for product ions. This method of optimization establishes an appropriate technique for quantification of 3-OHFAs in house dust.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking, occupational exposures, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis among Swedish construction workers
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 64:4, s. 251-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cigarette smoking and occupational exposures each have been reported to increase the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease previously considered of unknown origin. We investigated the risk of IPF mortality associated with combined smoking and occupational exposures. Methods A registry study of Swedish construction workers (N = 389,132), linked baseline smoking and occupational data with registry data on cause of death and hospital care diagnoses. Occupation was classified by the likelihood of exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, or fumes using a job-exposure matrix. Those likely exposed to asbestos or silica were excluded from the analysis. Age-adjusted relative risks [RRs] were calculated using Poisson regression. Follow-up observation began at age 40 and ended at age 89. Results Heavy smokers at baseline who were exposed to inorganic dusts during their working life had an increased risk of IPF mortality (RR 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.60), while there was no statistically increased risk in the other exposure groups. There were dose-response relationships between smoking at baseline and IPF mortality among both unexposed and dust exposed workers, with similar risk for dust exposed and unexposed, except among baseline heavy smokers, where workers exposed to inorganic dust manifested the highest risk (RR 4.22; 95% CI 2.69-6.60). Excluding workers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema did not affect the results substantively. Conclusion A clear dose-response relationship was seen between smoking at baseline and IPF, supporting a causal relationship. Occupational exposure to inorganic dusts, excluding silica and asbestos, was associated with increased risk of IPF in baseline heavy current smokers.
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| 9. |
- Arnetz, Judith E., et al.
(författare)
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Application and Implementation of the Hazard Risk Matrix to Identify Hospital Workplaces at Risk for Violence
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 57:11, s. 1276-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA key barrier to preventing workplace violence injury is the lack of methodology for prioritizing the allocation of limited prevention resources. The hazard risk matrix was used to categorize the probability and severity of violence in hospitals to enable prioritization of units for safety intervention. MethodsProbability of violence was based on violence incidence rates; severity was based on lost time management claims for violence-related injuries. Cells of the hazard risk matrix were populated with hospital units categorized as low, medium, or high probability and severity. Hospital stakeholders reviewed the matrix after categorization to address the possible confounding of underreporting. ResultsForty-one hospital units were categorized as medium or high on both severity and probability and were prioritized for forthcoming interventions. Probability and severity were highest in psychiatric care units. ConclusionsThis risk analysis tool may be useful for hospital administrators in prioritizing units for violence injury prevention efforts.
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| 10. |
- Arnetz, Judith E., et al.
(författare)
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Development and Application of a Population-Based System for Workplace Violence Surveillance in Hospitals
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 54:12, s. 925-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A unique and comprehensive reporting and population-based violence surveillance system in a multi-site hospital system is presented. Methods Incidence rates and rate ratios (RR) were calculated by year, hospital, violence type, and job category in six hospitals, 2003-2008. Results Incidence rates per hospital for the 6-year period ranged from a low of 1.52 to a high of 10.89 incidents/100 full-time equivalents (FTEs), with the highest risk at a hospital with an outpatient mental health facility (RR = 7.16, 95% CI = 5.17-10.26). Rates for worker-on-worker violence exceeded rates for patient-to-worker violence from 2004 to 2008. Mental health technicians (RR = 13.82, 95% CI = 11.13-17.29) and security personnel (RR = 2.25, CI = 1.68-3.00) were at greatest risk for violence. Conclusions This surveillance system provides ongoing information on professional groups and hospital departments at risk and trends in violence reporting over time. It can be used to determine where appropriate violence prevention efforts are most needed, and to evaluate violence interventions.
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