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- Mårtensson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fermented, ropy, non-dairy, oat-based products on serum lipids and the faecal excretion of cholesterol and short chain fatty acids in germfree and conventional rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 22:12, s. 1461-1473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three fermented, ropy, non-dairy, oat-based products were evaluated for their effect on serum lipids, faecal cholesterol and faecal short chain fatty. acids in germfree and conventional rats. Three different exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria strains were used to ferment the non-dairy oat-base (Adavena(R) G40) (Ceba Foods AB, Lund; Sweden). Two commercial non-dairy products based on oats (Mill Milk(TM)) (Ceba Foods AB, Lund, Sweden) and rice (Rice Dream(R)) (Imagine Foods, London, UK) were used as non-ropy and unfermented controls. All the standardized feeds were sterilized before being fed to the animals. Adult, germfree-and conventional AGUS rats, were fed the above sterile diets ad libitum for 21 days. Blood samples and faecal samples were collected and the animals' weight gain was monitored throughout the study. No significant change in serum lipids or faecal excretion of cholesterol was observed between the groups on the different diets. A difference in faecal SCFA pattern was observed in conventional rats fed on the oat-based diets in comparison. to the group fed on the rice-based diet. More evidence is needed to support the effect of fermented, ropy, oat-based products and their potential effect on serum lipids, faecal cholesterol/coprostanol levels and amounts of short chain fatty acids.
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| 2. |
- Tovar, Juscelino, et al.
(författare)
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Starch digestibility in the diabetic rat
- 1991
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 11:11, s. 1329-1334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digestibility of a mixture of starches was evaluated in balance experiments, with both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with antibiotics to prevent colonic fermentation of unabsorbed material. Pancreatic amylase production in the diabetic animals was only 10% of the normal level. In spite of this, only a minor decrease in the total starch digestibility index was recorded for the diabetic group (91% vs 94% in control animals). Although small, such a decreased starch digestibility might aggravate gastrointestinal problems in diabetics and should be acknowledged.
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| 3. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Serum beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in smokers and non-smokers - associations with food sources and supplemental intakes. A report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 23:2, s. 163-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood concentrations of beta-carotene (BC) and alpha-tocopherol (AT) are markers of lower risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear how well they serve as markers of, food consumption in a general population setting, in a country with a traditionally low vegetable consumption, or if they work equally well in smokers and non-smokers. We performed a cross-sectional study of 366 non-smokers and 163 smokers of both sexes, aged 46-67 y, who participated in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study (Sweden). Serum concentrations of BC and AT were determined by HPLC. Food habits were assessed by a validated modified diet history method. Intake of dietary supplements was calculated from a 7-day self-registration. We found that non-smokers had higher serum BC concentrations than smokers (arithmetic means 550 +/- 25 (SE) vs. 400 +/- 27 nmol/l, p < 0.001), but serum AT concentrations were similar (27.2 less than or equal to 0.43 vs. 27.0 < 0.65 mumol/l, p = 0.88). After adjustment for sex, serum cholesterol, obesity, and other sources of BC, consumption of carrots and leafy vegetables were moderately but positively associated with serum BC in non-smokers. In smokers, serum BC was positively associated with consumption of BC supplements only. The only AT sources associated with serum AT were vitamin E supplements. We also observed a positive association between serum BC and consumption of coffee in smokers. We conclude that serum BC concentration may not be a useful marker of vegetable consumption when vegetable consumption is low, that the foods associated with serum concentrations of BC differed by smoking status in this population, and that serum AT concentrations were only associated with dietary supplements, not with foods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Yang, H., et al.
(författare)
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Bolus ornithine and arginine-ketoglutarate supplementation in distal intestine after 65% resection in rats
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 20:12, s. 1807-1816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Enteral feeding has been reported to increase intestinal mucosa proliferation after resection. Dietary components influence the intestinal adaptive response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ornithine- (OKG) or arginine-ketoglutarate (AKG) bolus supplementation on intestinal postresectional adaptation in the rat. Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent 65% small-bowel resection and received either OKG 3 g/kg/day, isonitrogenous AKG or saline by gavage once daily. The animals had free access to rat chow. Sampling was done 10 days after resection. Fed animals without surgery or specific treatment served as controls. Results: Mucosal wet weight, DNA, RNA, protein content and sucrose activity of the mucosa, as well as villus height were significantly increased in all resected animals compared to controls. No significant differences in body weight or intestinal adaptation could be found between the three dietary groups. Conclusion: Postoperative enteral bolus feeding supplemented with OKG or AKG did not significantly enhance the adaptation of the remnant small bowel 10 days after massive intestinal resection when rats had free access to rat chow. © 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
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| 9. |
- Albinsson-Stenholm, Erina, et al.
(författare)
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Subjects with high fasting insulin also have higher postprandial GLP-1 and glucagon levels than controls with lower insulin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 72, s. 111-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about postprandial release of serum ghrelin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in relation with differing fasting insulin levels. We hypothesized that these hormones are affected by insulin resistance, and hence, we compared different postprandial responses of GLP-1, glucagon, and ghrelin in subjects with relatively high (RHI) or relatively low (RLI) fasting insulin levels. The trial was a randomized crossover study with 4 different meal conditions. Fourteen nonobese or obese, healthy, men and 14 women were randomly assigned to the order of supervised intake of a 750 kcal drink with the same protein contents but with 20 energy-percent (E%) or 55 E% from carbohydrates, and the remaining energy from fat. Participants were also randomized to consume the drinks as 1 large beverage or as five 150-kcal portions every 30 minutes. The 28 subjects were divided into 2 equally sized groups based on fasting insulin levels. Statistics were done with general linear mixed model. Fasting insulin levels were 3-fold higher in the group with RHI compared with the RLI group (RHI: 1004 +/- 510 pg/mL, RLI: 324 +/- 123 pg/mL, P amp;lt; .0005). Serum GLP-1 was highest in the RHI group after both single meals and after 5 drinks and following high- and low-carbohydrate meals (both P amp;lt;= .002), and this was the case also for glucagon levels (both P amp;lt;= .018), whereas ghrelin levels did not differ between groups. Thus, subjects with RHI displayed both higher postprandial serum GLP-1 and glucagon than the participants with RLI, suggesting that glucagon could play a role in the advent of dysglycemia by insulin resistance. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Arevström, Lilith, et al.
(författare)
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Freeze-dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) dietary supplement improves walking distance and lipids after myocardial infarction: an open-label randomized clinical trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 62, s. 13-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccinium myrtillus, have a high content of phenolic compounds including anthocyanins, which could provide cardiometabolic health benefits following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We hypothesized that standard medical therapy supplemented with freeze-dried bilberry after AMI would have a more beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk markers and exercise capacity than medical therapy alone. Patients were allocated in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention in an 8- week trial either to V myrtillus powder (40 g/d, equivalent to 480 g fresh bilberries) and standard medical therapy or to a control group receiving standard medical therapy alone. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and exercise capacity measured with the 6-minute walk test were the primary biochemical and clinical end points, respectively. Fifty subjects completed the study. No statistically significant difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was detected between groups. The mean 6-minute walk test distance increased significantly more in the bilberry group compared to the control group: mean difference 38 m at follow-up (95% confidence interval 14- 62, P =.003). Ex vivo oxidized low-density lipoprotein was significantly lowered in the bilberry group compared to control, geometric mean ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.66-0.96, P =.017), whereas total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups. Anthocyanin-derived metabolites in blood increased significantly in the bilberry group during the intervention and were different after 8 weeks between the bilberry group and control. Findings in the present study suggest that bilberries may have clinically relevant beneficial effects following AMI; a larger, double-blind clinical trial is warranted to confirm this.
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