| 1. |
- Aldrich, RM, et al.
(författare)
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U.S. and Swedish Student Learning Through Online Synchronous International Interactions
- 2015
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Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 69 Suppl 2, s. 6912350010p1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a continued need to communicate global perspectives in occupational therapy education, but the literature addressing how to incorporate firsthand global experiences into campus learning environments is scant. This article describes how course-based synchronous interactions between U.S. undergraduate occupational science students and Swedish undergraduate occupational therapy students occur via online technology. In a 2014 pilot study, we thematically analyzed students’ open-ended survey responses to discern what students learned through the interactive sessions. We also performed a content analysis of four audio-recorded interactive sessions to understand the content and nature of students’ learning. Our findings suggest that course-based online synchronous interactions provide a positive way for students to learn about other cultures and global differences in occupational therapy practice. The findings also highlight needs for improvement relative to the structure and aims of the interactive sessions. We relate these findings to the global availability of technology and occupational therapists’ cultural competence.
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| 2. |
- Bontje, P, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational adaptation: the experiences of older persons with physical disabilities
- 2004
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Ingår i: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490. ; 58:2, s. 140-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of occupational adaptation among a small number of older Dutch persons with physical disabilities. Occupational adaptation was tentatively defined as overcoming disabling influences on occupational functioning. Eight occupational therapy clients, who were living in the community, were interviewed using an open in-depth interview format. A phenomenological analysis resulted in descriptions of occupational adaptation as a process that required these clients’ active engagement. The clients recruited already familiar problem-solving strategies and personal resources as well as resources in their social and physical environments to identify prospects of potential solutions and to create solutions to overcome constraints on occupational functioning. Furthermore, participants strived for finding satisfaction through occupations, a meaning theme which emerged as the object of occupational adaptation. Satisfaction through occupations was found in maintaining daily routines and engaging in fulfilling occupations.
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| 3. |
- Borell, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Occupations and Signs of Reduced Hope : An Explorative Study of Older Adults with Functional Impairments
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 55:3, s. 311-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The purpose of this explorative study was to uncover and interpret the experiences, values, and meaning of being in daily occupations of older adults with functional impairments. Method. Interviews were conducted with 21 older adults with disabilities who were between 70 and 92 years of age. The interviews occurred in their home environments; 18 of the 21 participants lived alone. The interviews were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Findings. Occupational themes related to participation against the odds, retreat from occupation, the need for an invitation from others, and personal meanings related to capacities for occupation were uncovered. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the loss of positive belief in enjoyable occupations can be a sign of reduced hope in late life. For occupational therapists, whether an older adult has made a conscious choice to withdraw from occupational life or has too few occupational choices is important to distinguish.
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| 4. |
- Dolva, Anne-Stine, et al.
(författare)
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Functional performance characteristics associated with postponing elementary school entry among children with Down syndrom
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 61:4, s. 414-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relation between functional performance skills of children with Down syndrome and the age of entry into mainstream elementary education. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study of 70% of the 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in Norway (N = 43), we measured functional performance using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The study was a follow-up of a previous study of the same children at age 5 assessed using the same instrument. Data from both studies were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Forty percent of the sample of children with Down syndrome in Norway had entered elementary school after a 1-year postponement (i.e., at age 7). The functional performance skills of the children, as measured using the PEDI, were significantly lower at both age 5 and age 7 in self-care and social function compared with children with Down syndrome who entered elementary school at the usual time (i.e., at age 6). The main characteristics associated with postponed elementary school entry were found in communication skills and bladder and bowel management. CONCLUSION: A certain level of development and independence seems to be required for a child with Down syndrome to be viewed as ready to enter elementary school, and perceptions of readiness for school may be culturally dependent. In addition to the well-described challenges in language and communication skills, being viewed as ready for school includes having stopped using diapers, a topic not previously mentioned as a factor in postponing elementary school entry for children with Down syndrome. Awareness of culturally influenced performance skills may give direction to parents and professionals in targeting areas in the preschool years that might help promote these children's readiness for school.
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| 5. |
- Dolva, Anne Stine, et al.
(författare)
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Functional performance in children with Down syndrome
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 58:6, s. 621-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe home and community functional performance in 5-year-old children with Down syndrome. METHOD. In a cross-sectional study of 5-year-old children with Down syndrome in Norway (N = 43), functional performance was measured with the Norwegian translation of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Additional descriptive information related to health, disabilities, and function was also gathered. RESULTS. The children showed a wide range of functional performance. Performance of self-care activities appeared most delayed on activities that required fine motor skills. Children appeared less affected in basic functional mobility skills. Parents' identified their main concerns as language functioning and, for the children not yet toilet trained, the management of bladder and bowel control in relation to starting school. CONCLUSION. The results provide baseline information regarding typical levels of functional performance in children with Down syndrome at 5 years of age. However, the broad range of functional performance across children indicates a need for caution in generalizing the results to an individual child.
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| 6. |
- Engstrand, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Interrater Reliability in Finger Joint Goniometer Measurement in Dupuytrens Disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 66:1, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated interrater reliability of range of motion (ROM) measurement in the finger joints of people with Dupuytrens disease. Eight raters measured flexion and extension of the three finger joints in one affected finger of each of 13 people with different levels of severity of Dupuytrens disease, giving 104 measures of joints and motions. Reliability measures, represented by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of the mean (SEM), and differences between raters with the highest and lowest mean scores, were calculated. ICCs ranged from .832 to .973 depending on joint and motion. The SEM was andlt;= 3 degrees for all joints and motions. Differences in mean between highest and lowest raters were larger for flexion than for extension; the largest difference was in the distal interphalangeal joint. The results indicate that following these standardized guidelines, the interrater reliability of goniometer measurements is high for digital ROM in people with Dupuytrens disease.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Participation After Stroke : The Influenceof Activity Retention, Reintegration, andPerceived Recovery
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 1943-7676 .- 0272-9490. ; 67:6, s. e131-e138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the extent to which perceptions of participation in everyday occupationswere affected in a sample of people with predominantly mild stroke. Demographic variables, strokeseverity, community integration, participation in everyday occupations, and perceptions of recovery wereexamined as potential contributors to their perceptions of participation.METHODWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 116 people with mild to moderate first strokeassessed approximately 6 mo after stroke.RESULTSPerceptions of participation assessed using the Stroke Impact Scale varied (range 5 19–100),with a mean score of 82. Regression analyses revealed three factors that contributed to perceptions ofparticipation: retention of previous activities, reintegration in home and community, and perception ofstroke recovery.CONCLUSIONAlthough the majority of participants reported a high level of perceived participation, morethan a third failed to report successful participation.
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| 8. |
- Gahnström-Strandqvist, Kitty, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of the working cooperative for persons with long-term mental illness : A phenomenological study
- 2003
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 57:3, s. 262-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this phenomenological study was to understand the meanings of the lived experiences of persons with long-term mental illness at a social working cooperative. Eighteen participants were interviewed either two or three times while participating in a working cooperative in a community psychosocial rehabilitation program. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the Empirical, Phenomenological, Psychological (EPP) method (Karlsson, 1993). The findings revealed a meaning-structure consisting of one main constituent that characterized the cooperative as a normalizing life-world. Three phases contributed to the normalization process. In the first phase the participants experienced a shift from an unsatisfying occupational context to an enriching occupational life-world. In the second phase participants had the possibility to satisfy some of their occupational and social needs. During this phase, experiences of being productive and needed, commitment to others, development of their skills, and competence in work tasks and social activities were expressed. In the third phase, the meaning of the cooperative changed for some participants, who expressed this through their readiness to leave and take a further step into the life-world outside the cooperative.
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| 9. |
- Gantschnig, Brigitte E, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting differences in activities of daily living between children with and without mild disabilities
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Bethesda, MD, USA : American Occupational Therapy Association. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 67:3, s. 319-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE. We evaluated whether the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) measures are valid for detecting differences in activities of daily living (ADL) ability among children with and without mild disabilities.METHOD. Retrospective data from the AMPS database were analyzed using many-facet Rasch analyses and forced regression analyses to evaluate for significant group differences.RESULTS. Regression analyses of data for 10,998 children ages 4-15 who met the inclusion criteria revealed significant Age x Group interaction effects (B >= 0.23, T >= 6.20, p <= .001). Post hoc t tests revealed significant group differences in ADL ability at all ages beyond age 4. ADL process ability effect sizes were moderate to large at all ages, and ADL motor ability was mostly moderate to large at ages 6 or older.CONCLUSION. These findings support the validity of the AMPS measures when used to identify ADL problems, among children with mild disabilities.
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| 10. |
- Granbom, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Community Relocation in Very Old Age: Changes in Housing Accessibility.
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 70:2, s. 1-7002270020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to compare environmental barriers, housing accessibility, and usability before and after relocation of very old, single-living people in the community. It also examined whether accessibility improved after relocation compared with a simulated scenario in which participants would have remained in their former dwellings.
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