| 1. |
- Clausson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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School nurses' view of schoochildren's health and their attitudes to document it in the school health record : a pilot study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 392-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study highlights school nurses' view of schoolchildren's health and their attitude to document it in the school health records. A strategic sample of 12 school nurses was interviewed. The interviews were semistructured and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the school nurses' viewed schoolchildren as physical healthy although they called attention to growing problems related to a changed lifestyle. Psychosocial ill-health was however increasing and the most common reason for visiting the school nurse was psychosomatic expressions. According to the nurses' descriptions, health was related to the individual, the school and the family situation. The family situation was mentioned as one of the most important factors of schoolchildren's health. The nurses described no problem to document schoolchildren's physical health. Ethical consideration, tradition, lack of time and the structure of the record were however factors that were said to hinder the documentation of the psychosocial health. In order to promote, protect and recover schoolchildren's health, more research is needed about how beliefs, experience, ethical consideration and resources influence the school nurse's daily work with schoolchildren's health.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' opinion on what constitutes good psychiatric care.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:4, s. 339-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates patients' opinion on what constitutes good psychiatric care. It was a qualitative study using an open-ended in-depth interview centring on the patient's experiences of receiving psychiatric care. The subjects were selected to ensure maximum variation and heterogeneity. A model of deliberate sampling for heterogeneity and a modified, stratified sampling method were used. One outpatient and one inpatient sample were selected. The description and analysis of data were based on a variable-oriented, cross-case technique. The analysis was made separately for the two sub-samples. The main result for both samples was the emergence of one main category: the quality of the helping encounter. The quality of the relationship between patient and therapist/staff, and being understood by the therapist/staff, formed the most central aspects of good care. For the inpatient group the analyses also pointed to stability and structure and relief of pressure as main categories. Though the focus of the study was on satisfaction with general psychiatric care, the results revealed a construct initially identified within the field of psychotherapy, namely the 'helping alliance', as the most crucial factor. The results also gave some further indications of what bring about a good therapeutic relationship; and prominent in this study, and not very often reported in the context of helping alliance, was that ambivalence, time and meaning were important constituents of the relationship. The findings emphasize the importance and quality of the therapeutic relationship and point to the incorporation of psychotherapeutic principles in all provider–patient relationships in general psychiatric care.
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| 3. |
- von Bothmer, Margareta I. K., et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health among university students in relation to sense of coherence and other personality traits
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Science. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to determine students' self-rated health in relation to sense of coherence and other personality traits. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with questionnaires as the means of data collection. The study population comprised a randomized stratified sample of students from a small university in southern Sweden. Ethical approval was obtained from the vice chancellor, and the issues of informed consent, confidentiality, privacy and self-determination were respected. Two instruments were used for data collection; the 29-item Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, and an instrument created for this Study, named Personality and Health Instrument, containing 52 questions. Self-rated health was estimated by inverse number of health complaints. A factor analysis identified seven factors related to personality traits; the three most important were hardiness, positive affect/optimism and Type A personality. The personality trait variables were tested for correlation with each other as well as with self-rated health. The mean score for SOC was similar for female and male students, but a positive association between SOC and self-rated health was found only among women. Optimism was associated with less health complaints among female students. Type A personality was associated with poorer health both among women and men. The personality traits SOC, positive affect/optimism, hardiness and alienation showed high internal correlations. The SOC scale is discussed in relation to gender specificity and in relation to methodological and conceptual confounding. Further research is needed to explore the relation between SOC, optimism, hardiness, hostility and health. The significance of the study is that it raises questions about the validity and specificity of the SOC instrument and provides ideas for future research to develop the sense of coherence concept and instrument.
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| 4. |
- Benzein, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish version of Herth Hope Index : an instrument in palliative care
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 409-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version (HHI-S) of the Herth Hope Index (HHI), developed by K. Herth. The HHI-S is a 12-item Likert scale, arranged with scores from 1 to 4, where 1 is 'strongly disagree' and 4 is 'strongly agree'. The HHI-S together with the Miller Hope Scale (TMHS) and Beck's Hopelessness Scale (HS-S) were distributed to 85 adults, 40 patients with cancer in palliative care and 45 family members to patients with cancer in palliative care, recruited from four different in- and out-patient oncology clinics. The result showed an internal consistency alpha coefficient of 0.88 for the HHI-S. Concurrent criterion-related validity was assessed by correlating the HHI-S with the TMHS (r = 0.82) and the discriminant validity was assessed by correlating the HHI-S with the HS-S (r = −0.69). A varimax-rotated principal component factor analysis was performed and identified two factors; reconciliation with life situation and religiosity. Although the instrument shows sound reliability and validity, it should be used with care in clinical palliative care settings, because of linguistic, conceptual and cultural difficulties when transferring the instrument into Swedish. The result demands the work of developing an instrument measuring hope, based in the Swedish culture.
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| 5. |
- Benzein, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish version of Herth Hope Index : an instrument in palliative care
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 409-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version (HHI-S) of the Herth Hope Index (HHI), developed by K. Herth. The HHI-S is a 12-item Likert scale, arranged with scores from 1 to 4, where 1 is 'strongly disagree' and 4 is 'strongly agree'. The HHI-S together with the Miller Hope Scale (TMHS) and Beck's Hopelessness Scale (HS-S) were distributed to 85 adults, 40 patients with cancer in palliative care and 45 family members to patients with cancer in palliative care, recruited from four different in- and out-patient oncology clinics. The result showed an internal consistency alpha coefficient of 0.88 for the HHI-S. Concurrent criterion-related validity was assessed by correlating the HHI-S with the TMHS (r = 0.82) and the discriminant validity was assessed by correlating the HHI-S with the HS-S (r = −0.69). A varimax-rotated principal component factor analysis was performed and identified two factors; reconciliation with life situation and religiosity. Although the instrument shows sound reliability and validity, it should be used with care in clinical palliative care settings, because of linguistic, conceptual and cultural difficulties when transferring the instrument into Swedish. The result demands the work of developing an instrument measuring hope, based in the Swedish culture.
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| 6. |
- Bullington, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Meaning out of chaos : a way to understand chronic pain
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 325-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain is a multidimensional phenomenon lying at the intersection between biology and culture. The modern understanding of pain takes into account emotional, psychological, socio-political and existential aspects of pain as well as physiological, anatomical factors. Our aim in this study was to deepen the understanding of psychosocial, existential aspects of pain and to discuss how clinicians can better understand and treat patients with chronic pain. A focus group was formed consisting of a researcher and a group of clinicians (n = 3) with various backgrounds working at a specialized pain clinic. The group met once a month during a 6-month period. Questions concerning the life-world of the pain patient as well as inquiries into the conditions for 'the good clinical encounter' were investigated. The results of this study consist of a systematization of the data (focus group meetings) collected and analysed in a collaborative effort between the researcher and group participants. The findings are presented in terms of themes. The main metaphor used to describe the path from the seeking of medical help to successful rehabilitation was order out of chaos. Ordering chaos was a process moving from diagnosis through a phase of heightened self-awareness towards responsibility-taking on the part of the patient. Related themes presented, illustrated and discussed in the paper concern problems of linkage, the role of flexibility and creativity in the healing process and the kind of clinical encounter conducive for the journey from chaos to the creation of new meaning.
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| 7. |
- Clausson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
School nurses' view of schoochildren's health and their attitudes to document it in the school health record : a pilot study
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 392-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study highlights school nurses' view of schoolchildren's health and their attitude to document it in the school health records. A strategic sample of 12 school nurses was interviewed. The interviews were semistructured and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the school nurses' viewed schoolchildren as physical healthy although they called attention to growing problems related to a changed lifestyle. Psychosocial ill-health was however increasing and the most common reason for visiting the school nurse was psychosomatic expressions. According to the nurses' descriptions, health was related to the individual, the school and the family situation. The family situation was mentioned as one of the most important factors of schoolchildren's health. The nurses described no problem to document schoolchildren's physical health. Ethical consideration, tradition, lack of time and the structure of the record were however factors that were said to hinder the documentation of the psychosocial health. In order to promote, protect and recover schoolchildren's health, more research is needed about how beliefs, experience, ethical consideration and resources influence the school nurse's daily work with schoolchildren's health.
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| 8. |
- Hermansson, Ann-Charlotte, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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The long-term impact of torture on the mental health of war-wounded refugees : Findings and implications for nursing programmes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 317-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, nurses from many disciplines are expected to provide nursing care to refugees severely traumatized in war and conflict. The general aim of this study was to explore the long-term impact of torture on the mental health of war-wounded refugees. The study group consisted of 22 tortured and 22 nontortured male refugees who had been injured in war. Standardized interview schedules, exploring different background characteristics, and three instruments for assessment of mental health were used: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale and a well-being scale. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in mental health between the tortured and the nontortured refugees. The patterns of associations between background characteristics and mental health were different in the two groups. The strongest associations with lower level of mental health were higher education in the tortured group and unemployment in the nontortured group. Methodological difficulties in research on sequelae of prolonged traumatization remain. Further studies within the caring sciences can broaden the present understanding of the impact of torture and other war traumas. ⌐ 2003 Nordic College of Caring Sciences.
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| 9. |
- Lindgren, Margareta, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Immobility – a major risk factor for development of pressure ulcers among adult hospitalized patients : a prospective study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 18:1, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective : To identify risk factors associated with pressure ulcer development among adult hospitalized medical and surgical patients.Design : A prospective comparative study including 530 adult patients from medical and surgical wards. Registered Nurses made the data collection on admission and once a week for up to 12 weeks. The risk assessment scale used was the Risk Assessment Pressure Sore (RAPS) scale, including the following variables; general physical condition, activity, mobility, moisture, food intake, fluid intake, sensory perception, friction and shear, body temperature and serum albumin.Results : Sixty-two (11.7%) patients developed 85 pressure ulcers. The most common pressure ulcer was that of nonblanchable erythema. Patients who developed pressure ulcers were significantly older, hospitalized for a longer time, had lower scores on the total RAPS scale, had lower weight and lower diastolic blood pressure than nonpressure ulcer patients did. In the multiple logistic regression analyses using variables included in the RAPS scale immobility emerged as a strong risk factor. When adding remaining significant variables in the analyses, mobility, time of hospitalization, age, surgical treatment and weight were found to be risk factors for pressure ulcer development.Conclusion : It is confirmed that immobility is a risk factor of major importance for pressure ulcer development among adult hospitalized patients. The results also indicate that the RAPS scale may be useful for prediction of pressure ulcer development in clinical practice.
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| 10. |
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