| 1. |
- Alexanderson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of sickness absence in a Swedish county in 1985, 1986 and 1987 : A three year longitudinal study with focus on gender, age and occupation
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - : Sage Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 22:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to get a better epidemiological base for preventive intervention in the county of Östergötland, Sweden, a comprehensive study of sickness absence was done. During the years 1985, 1986 and 1987, all new periods of sick-leave exceeding seven days were registered with demographic variables. This information was related to data about the total population of Östergötland. Each year approx. 45,000 persons had approx. 61,000 sickness spells. These figures were stable over the years while the number of sick-leave days increased. Blue-collar occupations had the highest sick-leave rates and the female sick-leave rate was higher in general and much higher in most male-dominated occupations. The male rate was lower within female-dominated areas, except among secretaries and textile workers. Females in extremely male-dominated groups had the highest rates, while both male and female sick-leave rates were lower in more gender-integrated occupations.
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| 2. |
- Allander, E, et al.
(författare)
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Why is prevention so difficult and slow?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 25:3, s. 145-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- abundance of perceived “possibilities” for prevention rasts sharply with the difficulties that face preventive grammes. We argue that this situation has emerged from incomplete understanding of the process of prevention, Iving a mixture of biological factors, human decisioning and time perspectives. Based on examples, anlysis of the factors in the prevention process is presented.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, SO, et al.
(författare)
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Patients frequently consulting general practitioners at a primary health care centre in Sweden--a comparative study
- 1995
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 23:4, s. 251-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe the sociodemographic patterns, consultations and the nature of problems of frequent attenders (FAs) at general practitioners at a primary health care centre. The design was a comparative study of FAs (≥5 consultations during 1991) ( n = 179) and a contrast group of patients (CPs) matched by age and sex (1-4 consultations during 1991, n = 179). Data from medical records, appointment system, mortality and marital status were recorded. FAs comprised 1.7% of the inhabitants. Boys, middle-aged females, retired males and females and especially very old females were more frequent among FAs than their sections of the population would imply. FAs accounted for 15% and CPs for 4% of the consultations, 6.3 and 1.7 consultations on average, respectively. The average booked time for consultations during 1991 was 140 minutes for FAs and 35 minutes for CPs. Continuity was higher among older than younger FAs. Contacts other than medical consultations comprised a substantial part of the work with FAs, especially among middle-aged and elderly FAs. Problems arising from the musculoskeletal system, psychological and social problems were most common among FAs, often in combination, while chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were not crucial for frequent attending. Few FAs consulted as frequently in the preceding years and the following year, as in 1991, but still they accounted for more consultations than CPs during these years. More female FAs than males and CPs were divorced. The study indicates that FAs require a long-term strategy where continuity and accessibility are often important. They might also have profited by more time. However, FAs were a heterogeneous group of patients and follow-up studies and individual studies of FAs would be of interest.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bexell, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Parents' response to recurrent middle ear infection in their children
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 18:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recurrent ear infection in children during pre-school years is an important public health problem. Common advice given to parents is to minimize exposure of susceptible children to crowding and air pollution. This study aimed at investigating what changes parents undertake to improve the health of an otitis-prone child. Parents of children with 5 events before age thirty months (index children; n = 198) and a matched control group (n = 396) were asked to fill in a questionnaire. Results show that 22.3% of indexfamilies and 9.5% (p<0.001) of control families had changed one or more of the following conditions: working hours, child day-care, housing and smoking habits. In summary, index families and control families were remarkably similar given the striking difference in otitis media, a finding that rises concern.
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| 6. |
- Blank, N, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term and long-term sick-leave in Sweden: relationships with social circumstances, working conditions and gender
- 1995
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 23:4, s. 265-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of the study was to analyse similarities and differences between repeated spells of short-term sick-leave (more than 3 spells of less than 7 days' duration in a 12-month period) and long-term absence through sickness (at least 1 spell of more than 59 days' duration in a 12-month period) in relation to variables representing certain social circumstances and aspects of the work situation. Particular attention was paid to gender differences. The study, which had a cross-sectional design, employed data from the surveys of living conditions (ULF) conducted by Statistics Sweden over the period 1986-89. The study group comprised 13,828 employed persons between the ages of 16 and 65. The results suggested the existence of a common mechanism by which a variety of factors are related to the taking of both repeated short spells and long-term sick-leave; gender differences with regard to the effect of working conditions on the taking of sick-leave may be incorrectly estimated if factors related to occupational structure are not taken into consideration; a less than additive effect of physical job demands and repeated short spells of sick-leave on subjective health was found.
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| 7. |
- Blank, N, et al.
(författare)
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Social inequalities in the experience of illness in Sweden: a "double suffering"
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 24:2, s. 81-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the factors involved in differences in the experience of long-term illness (severe and non-severe illness), as measured in terms of self-reported frequency and intensity of symptoms. The study has a cross-sectional design. It uses a database from the Survey of Living Conditions of Statistics Sweden, and treats a representative sample of the employed Swedish population ( n = 13,501), aged between 16 and 65, interviewed over the period 1986–89. The results show that male manual workers report more non-severe and severe illness than non-manual workers, and that manual and lower-level non-manual female workers report more severe illness, but not non-severe illness, than intermediate/higher-level non-manual working females. The observed class differences in experience of severity of illness are partly explained by the factors investigated (job demands, personal economic difficulties, smoking daily, weak social network) in the case of men, and virtually entirely in the case of women. Other ill-health dimensions, such as self-rated general health and impaired working capacity, prove to be related to severity of illness, the latter being more strongly associated with experience of severe illness than the former irrespective of social class. The results lend support to the hypothesis that manual classes are subjected to what might be called “double suffering”; they have more long-term illnesses and also experience these illnesses with greater intensity and frequency.
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| 8. |
- Boström, G, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in smoking in an urban Swedish population. The bias introduced by non-participation in a mailed questionnaire.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 21:2, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stockholm Health of the Population Study is a cross-sectional study carried out from 1984-85. Postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and health interviews were used to get information from a sample of 5,199 persons, 18-64 years of age, on health status, risk exposures, healthcare consumption and social factors. Non-participation with respect to the postal questionnaire was 36.8%. With subsequent telephone interviews and an invitation to a health interview, non-participation was reduced to 17.8%. The estimated prevalence of daily smoking increased from 36.1% to 38.7. The non-responders had a higher prevalence of daily smoking in all sub-groups. This effect of the efforts to reduce non-participation differed socially. The prevalence of smoking for men, 40-64 years of age, who were reached by telephone was 60.3%. Male professionals and intermediate non-manual workers, 40-64 years of age reached by telephone had a prevalence of smoking, which was twice as high as for the responders of the questionnaire (62.5 and 26.8%, respectively). In the younger age-group, non-responders had the same socioeconomic pattern in smoking as the responders. Independent of socioeconomic group, there was a tendency of ill or disabled smokers to respond more quickly than healthy smokers. Using a postal questionnaire with a high non-response rate might lead to an overestimation of socioeconomic differences and an underestimation of smoking prevalence.
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| 9. |
- Bremberg, S
(författare)
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Health promotion in school age children
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 26:2, s. 81-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disadvantage in school age affects health during the remaining part of life. Health promotion might alleviate this situation. It is reasonable to focus on mental health, since this is the leading cause of disability adjusted life years lost in this age group and to focus on the school, since this is the most important setting. Co-operation between the public health and the educational sector is rational, yet complicated by different perspectives on knowledge and technology used in these two sectors. It is, however, possible to carry through a dialogue. Then, the public health representatives have to clarify current scientific knowledge on health promotive characteristics of the school. Such characteristics are, enhanced health control at school, aged mixed ability grouping, class sizes of 15—20 students, a task oriented school culture and employment of skills training programmes, e.g. for tobacco deterrence.
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| 10. |
- BURSTROM, B, et al.
(författare)
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Health promotion in schools: policies and practices in Stockholm county, 1990
- 1995
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 23:1, s. 39-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey was undertaken of the policies and practices concerning organisation and implementation of health education and health promotion in schools in 151 of the total 213 Local Educational Areas (LEAs) in Stockholm county in 1990. Health education was included in the workplan of 49% of the responding LEAs, while 39% of respondents had a local action programme or guidelines for health education. Topic areas taught to all pupils and considered most important included alcohol, drug abuse, smoking, sex education, bullying, nutrition and physical exercise. Most senior level schools (55–83%) had written policies concerning pupils using alcohol, drugs or smoking in school, and 68% of LEAs had restrictions on staff smoking in school. Continuing health education was desired by 87% of the respondents. A written programme/plan regardings health education was identified as an important indicator of interest and commitment in health education and health policy issues by the local school.
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