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| 3. |
- Grunewald, C
(författare)
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Biochemical prediction of pre-eclampsia
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement. - 0300-8835. ; 76164, s. 104-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Heimer, G, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of vaginally delivered estrogens
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement. - 0300-8835. ; 163, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Atrophic condition in the vagina and lower parts of the urethral tract are common in elderly women. From population based surveys it has been estimated that 40% or more of women over 60 complain of insufficient control of micturation. In addition, lower urinary tract infections are common in this age group and recurrent cystitis is a scourge for many women (1, 2). Vaginal problems such as vaginal dryness, dyspareunia as well as infectious and non infectious disorders in the vagina may be even more common in elderly women (3) Vasomotor symptoms such as sweats and hot flushes commonly commence around the time of the menopause. In the majority of cases urogenital dysfunction does not become a problem until a decade later. Endogenous estrogens decline during the climacteric and the fall of estradiol levels from the time of onset of vasomotor symptoms until commencement of urogenital problems cannot be disregarded. In other words, it seems as if urogenital integrity can be maintained at lower estrogen levels than those required to resist vasomotor symptoms and conserve bone mass. Further evidence for this concept is achieved from numerous clinical studies in which various estrogens have been administered both orally and vaginally to elderly women with signs of urogenital atrophy which have resulted in amelioration. Such an alleviation of urogenital symptoms can be achieved without provoking endometrial growth.
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| 5. |
- Meirik, O, et al.
(författare)
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Demographic techniques in describing contraceptive use applied on the situation in Sweden
- 1979
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Supplement. - 0300-8835. ; 88, s. 61-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors suggest expressing the amount of use of contraceptives in a female population in the same terms as used to denote the occurrence of births, with one year of contraceptive use regarded as an event in the same sense as a birth. If the prevalence of contraceptives in a population can be expressed in the same terms as other events associated with reproduction, such as births and abortions, it may help to clarify the relationships between these events. Applying the method used to calculate the total fertility and abortion rates on the use of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices in Sweden in 1975, they noted 1.8 deliveries, 0.6 legal abortions and seven years' use of oral contraceptives and six years' use of intrauterine device per women.
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| 6. |
- Samuelsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of venous thromboembolism in young Swedish women and possibly preventable cases among combined oral contraceptive users
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412 .- 0300-8835. ; 83:7, s. 674-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. We wanted to study the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), acquired risk factors of VTE and preventable cases among users of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Methods. All women aged 15-44 years, (n = 24 373) living in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, between 1991 and 2000, constituted the study base in a retrospective case-reference study. Women with VTE were identified through hospital registers and interviewed by telephone. The utilization of COCs according to age was obtained from a prospective prescription database, and data from national health databases were used. Results. Of 88 women with first-time VTE, 43 (49%) were COC users and 13 (15%) were pregnant. All women had at least one known risk factor, and 51 (58%) women had combinations of risk factors. The total incidence rate of VTE per 100000 women-years for all women were 36 (29-44), for nonusers 19 (12-25) for women using third generation COCs 115 (67-184), for women using other COCs 60 (37-83), and for women during pregnancy and postpartum 103 (55-177). Of the total 244000 women-years represented, COC users constituted 24%, pregnant women 5%, and women with other acquired risk factors 5%. The corresponding incidence rates after excluding VTE cases with other acquired risk factors were 10 (6-14), 1.2 (0.14-44), 64 (29-121), 27 (13-48), and 59 (24-121), per 100000 women-years. In 11 (26%) of the COC-related VTE cases, there were relative contraindications for use of COCs or lack of thromboprophylaxis in relation to surgery. Conclusion. We found a very low incidence of idiopathic VTE among young non-OC users. The incidence of VTE during pregnancy was only slightly higher than during COC use. It was considered that a significant part of COC-related VTE might have been avoided.
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