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| 2. |
- Hjelm, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Assay of antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia pneumoniae
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum. - 0300-8878 .- 1651-2502. ; 104, s. 13-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections is difficult. High doses and prolonged treatment is often needed to achieve clinical cure despite good in vitro effect of the drugs used. We here discuss different methodological problems in the determination of MIC and MBC values of C. pneumoniae. The length of the preincubation time and the lack of fluctuation of the antibiotic concentrations may affect the outcome of the currently used assay.
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| 3. |
- Maller, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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A study of amikacin given once versus twice daily in serious infections.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-8878 .- 1651-2502. ; 22:1, s. 75-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty-five mostly elderly patients with serious infections were treated in a prospective, comparative and randomized pharmacokinetic study with amikacin 11.0 or 15.0 mg/kg administered in a single daily dose as an intravenous, short-term infusion or with amikacin 7.5 mg/kg administered twice daily in the same way. The results indicate that administration of amikacin 15 mg/kg in a single daily dose should be a practical and safe principle of administration. However elderly patients often have reduced creatinine clearance and should preferably be given a lower dose of 11 mg/kg bw. The risk of nephrotoxicity did not increase, but conclusions on ototoxicity and clinical efficacy cannot be drawn from this limited study. This should be considered as an initial part of a future multicentre trial.
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| 4. |
- Waldenström, A, et al.
(författare)
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Ionophoric interaction with the myocyte sarcolemma : a new insight into the pathophysiology of degenerative myocardial disease.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum. - 0300-8878 .- 1651-2502. ; 88, s. 131-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A certain group of compounds often derived from microbes known as ionophores function as ion channels when incorporated in biological membranes. Different ionophores have a relative specificity for certain cations such as Ca2+ or K+. When such compounds are integrated in the cell membrane of a host cell a leakage of the ion in question is induced and the physiologic ion gradient will be dissipated. This will activate ion pumps at the expense of ATP in order to restore the physiologic ion gradient. This effect is seen for a number of different viruses including Coxsackie B3. Based on own experiments we suggest that this ionophoric effect is important in the pathophysiology of myocarditis. We have shown that mice with Coxsackie B3 myocarditis have low myocardial ATP and high ADP and AMP levels. This pattern of abnormal energy metabolism is also seen in patients with Syndrome X. It is suggested that the ECG and thallium perfusion scintigram suggestive of ischemia in such patients is rather due to the effect of an ionophore leading to an extracellular potassium shift.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Forsgren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Bacteria-immunoglobulin-lymphocyte interactions--new aspects
- 1980
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum. - 0300-8878. ; Suppl 24, s. 8-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of 30 bacterial species tested 18 stimulated DNA synthesis in human blood lymphocytes. The maximum response was after 3-4 days of culture suggesting a mitogenic effect. This was confirmed by the induction of polyclonal antibody production shown by a plaque assay. Most bacterial species increased the DNA synthesis in B-enriched lymphocytes and unseparated lymphocytes but had negligible activity on T-enriched lymphocytes. Among bacteria with a mitogenic effect and ability to induce polyclonal antibody production are Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus group A and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In an attempt to define structure (s) on the B-lymphocyte surface responsible for the lymphocyte stimulation the binding of IgD, IgM, and HLA-A, -B and HLA-D antigens to different bacterial species was investigated. A high IgD binding to N. catarrhalis and H. influenzae and a moderate binding of IgD to streptococci was found. Binding studies employing radiolabelled IgD Fab- and Fc-fragments indicated that the binding probably involves the CHl-region of the IgD molecule. Three purified radiolabelled myeloma IgM M-components were all shown to be efficiently bound to many bacteria indicating that a part of the IgM molecule other than the antigen-combining site can be involved in attachment to bacteria. Highly purified detergent-solubilized HLA-A, -B and HLA-D antigens, when separately incorporated into liposomes, were bound efficiently to two strains of N. catarrhalis and to one strain of H. influenzae weakly to one strain of E. coli, but not at all to another strain E. coli. Preliminary experiments indicate that these bacteria-immunoglobulin and bacteria-HLA-antigen interactions lead to lymphocyte stimulation.
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| 10. |
- Forsgren, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ciprofloxacin on human lymphocytes - Laboratory studies
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Supplement. - 0300-8878. ; 21:60, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4-Quinolones affect mammalian cellular functions in vitro in several ways. Inhibition of cell proliferation differ widely among 4-quinolones. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most antiproliferative inhibiting cell growth with about 30% at 20 mg/l. Genotoxocity tests with 4-quinolones are probably 'false' positive due to an increased [3H]-thymidine uptake not related to DNA damage. Ciprofloxacin at 10 mg/l and up causes significant DNA strand breaks which seemingly are quickly repaired and not causing mutations or cancerogenesis. Ciprofloxacin at 5 mg/l inhibits immunoglobulin production but the growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2) is increased by 4-quinolones at the same concentration and hyperinduced at higher concentrations. Thus the effects are very contradictory. Increased IL-2 may contribute to CNS side effects.
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