| 1. |
- Aceijas, Carmen, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Ethics in Schools of Public Health in the European Region : Findings from a Screening Survey
- 2012
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Public Health Reviews. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 34:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey targeting ASPHER members was launched in 2010/11, being a first initiative in improving ethics education in European Schools of Public Health. An 8-items questionnaire collected information on teaching of ethics in public health. A 52% response rate (43/82) revealed that almost all of the schools (95% out of 40 respondents with valid data) included the teaching of ethics in at least one of its programmes. They also expressed the need of support, (e.g.: a model curriculum (n=25), case studies (n=24)), which indicates further work to be met by the ASPHER Working Group on Ethics and Values in Public Health.
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| 2. |
- Bangdiwala, Shrikant I., et al.
(författare)
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Workforce resources for health in developing countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 32:1, s. 296-318
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increased globalization and interdependence among countries, sustained health worker migration and the complex threats of rapidly spreading infectious diseases, as well as changing lifestyles, a strong health workforce is essential. Building the human resources for health should not only include healthcare professionals like physicians and nurses, but must take into consideration community health workers, mid-level workers and strengthened primary healthcare systems to increase coverage and address the basic health needs of societies. This is especially true in low and middle-income countries where healthcare access is a critical challenge. There is a global crisis in the health workforce, expressed in acute shortages and maldistribution of health workers, geographically and professionally. This massive global shortage, though imprecise quantitatively, is estimated at more than 4 million workers. To respond to this crisis, policies and actions are needed to address the dynamics of the health labour market and the production and management of the health workforce, and to strengthen the performance of existing health systems. Schools of public health need to develop the range of capacity and leadership in addition to the traditional training of healthcare managers and researchers. Countries should first identify their health problems in order to properly address their health worker needs, retention, recruitment and training, if they are to come close to reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for health.
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| 3. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in rural health services requires local actors and local action
- 2022
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 43
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We examine the role of "local actors" and "local action" (LALA) in health service innovation in high-resource small rural settings and aim to inform debates about the extent to which communities can be empowered to drive change in service design and delivery.Methods: Using an adapted roles and activities framework we analyzed 32 studies of innovation projects in public health, clinical interventions, and service models.Results: Rural communities can investigate, lead, own and sustain innovation projects. However, there is a paucity of research reflecting limited reporting capacity and/or understanding of LALA. Highlighting this lack of evidence strengthens the need for study designs that enable an analysis of LALA.Conclusion: Innovation and community participation in health services are pressing issues in small rural settings where population size and distance from health infrastructure make service delivery challenging. Current reviews of community participation in rural health give little insight into the process of innovation nor understanding of how local actors produce improvements in innovation. This review outlines how communities and institutions can harness the essential role of LALA in supporting health innovations.
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| 4. |
- Hellden, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Situating Health Within the 2030 Agenda-A Practical Application of the Sustainable Development Goals Synergies Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are integrated, indivisible and interdependent and interact and affect each other directly and indirectly. However, the 2030 Agenda does not attempt to identify or characterise these interactions.Evidence: The SDG Synergies approach was developed to enable the investigation of the strength and nature of interactions between SDGs based on the perception of a multistakeholder group. Two examples are given to concretely demonstrate how this approach overcomes present challenges and can be applied to situate health within the 2030 Agenda.Policy Options and Recommendations: There are clear benefits to situate desired health policy outcomes within the 2030 Agenda, and the SDG Synergies approach can be used as lever for including health aspects in traditional non-health sectors. Although focusing on specific health policies cannot be substituted with multisectoral policies alone, utilizing tools and methods such as the SDG Synergies approach can help policy makers put health at the centre of the SDGs.Conclusion: SDG Synergies is an impactful approach for policy makers to gain a systemic understanding of how broader sustainable development shape the health and well-being of people and vice versa.
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| 5. |
- Myhre, Sonja Lynn, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change, Community Action, and Health in the Anglophone Caribbean : A Scoping Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This scoping review investigates the status of research focusing on the nexu of community action, climate change, and health and wellbeing in anglophone Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS).Methods: This review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley framework and utilized the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We searched Medline/OVID, PsychInfo, VHL, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, and Scopus to capture interdisciplinary studies published from 1946 to 2021.Results: The search yielded 3,828 records of which fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. The analysis assessed study aim, geographic focus, community stakeholders, community action, climate perspective, health impact, as well as dimensions including resources/assets, education/information, organization and governance, innovation and flexibility, and efficacy and agency. Nearly all studies were case studies using mixed method approaches involving qualitative and quantitative data. Community groups organized around focal areas related to fishing, farming, food security, conservation, and the environment.Conclusion: Despite the bearing these areas have on public health, few studies explicitly examine direct links between health and climate change. Research dedicated to the nexus of community action, climate change, and health in the anglophone Caribbean warrants further study.
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| 6. |
- Okenwa-Emegwa, Leah, et al.
(författare)
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Higher education as a platform for capacity building to address violence against women and promote gender equality : the Swedish example
- 2018
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence against women is an acknowledged public and global health problem which has adverse consequences for women's health. Education, especially higher education, has long been identified as an important arena for addressing the problem and promoting gender equality. Two measures recently put in place in the Swedish higher education have brought the role of the sector into focus. The first is the inclusion of gender equality as a measurable outcome in quality assurance in higher education. The second measure is the amendment of the Swedish Higher Education Ordinance to include mandatory knowledge of VAW in the degree programme of seven selected relevant professional groups. The potentials of both measures to positively contribute to the gender equality discourse, as well as improving capacity building for the public health workforce who encounter VAW, are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Sigvardsdotter, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Refugee trauma measurement : a review of existing checklists
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 37
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that a high proportion of refugees have been subjected to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs). PTEs, including torture, are powerful predictors of mental ill health. This paper reports a review of refugee trauma history self-report measures used in population studies.MethodsA review of existing instruments and checklists, up to September 2015, was performed.ResultsThe types of measures for refugee trauma history vary from semi-structured interviews and medical records to extensive multi-item trauma-checklists. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was the most commonly used instrument for measuring trauma history among refugee populations. Few checklists included PTEs during the flight.ConclusionTrauma history checklists are often used as a tool to control for background variables when studying refugees’ mental health and have mostly been developed in clinical or semi-clinical settings. There is a need for acceptable, reliable and valid brief checklists for measuring trauma in refugees, for the purpose of performing larger scale population studies.
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| 8. |
- Veber, Triin, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial Air Pollution Leads to Adverse Birth Outcomes : A Systematized Review of Different Exposure Metrics and Health Effects in Newborns
- 2022
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To review the evidence of associations between adverse birth outcomes (ABO) and industrial air pollution.Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, and Scopus databases, and additional articles were found from snowball search techniques. The included studies feature a study population of mothers with live-born babies exposed to industrial air pollutants, and they examine the effects of industrial pollutants on adverse birth outcomes-namely, low birth weight, term low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age.Results: Altogether, 45 studies were included in this review. Exposure to PM2.5, PAHs, benzene, cadmium, and mixtures of industrial air pollutants and living near an industrial area affect birth outcomes.Conclusion: This study concludes that industrial air pollution is an important risk factor for ABO, especially low birth weight and preterm birth. The strongest evidence is associations between ABO and air pollution from power plants and petrochemical industries. Understanding of specific chemicals that are critical to birth outcomes is still vague. However, the evidence is strongest for more specific air pollutants from the industry, such as PAH, benzene, BTEX, and cadmium.
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