| 1. |
- Agren, K, et al.
(författare)
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Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes group A challenge induce a Th1 type of cytokine response in cells obtained from tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis
- 1998
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Ingår i: ORL. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 60:1, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that tonsil tissue both from children with tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis is colonized and invaded by <i>Haemophilus influenzae </i>and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes </i>group A. In order to evaluate if these bacteria are involved in the immunopathogenesis of these two conditions, tonsillar cells from both groups were stimulated in vitro with intact, heat-inactivated <i>H. influenzae</i> or <i>S. pyogenes</i> A. The immunoreactivity was evaluated by assessing the induction of cytokine production (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-β and IL-10), which was detected at the single-cell level. All cytokines studied except IL-4 were induced in both groups after stimulation with <i>H. influenzae </i>or <i>S. pyogenes </i>A. The dominating cytokines were IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-β. No major differences in the cytokine pattern or number of cytokine-producing cells were noticed between the two patient cohorts after <i>H. influenzae </i>stimulation. Activation by <i>S. pyogenes </i>A bacteria gave rise to higher frequencies of IFN-γ- and TNF-β-synthesizing cells in the recurrent tonsillitis group. The incidence of CD4-, CD8-positive T cells and CD40-positive B cells was comparable between the two groups while the MAC-387-positive macrophages were significantly higher in the recurrent tonsillitis groups. In conclusion, a Th<sub>1</sub> type of cytokine response was found in both groups following stimulation with <i>H. influenzae </i>or <i>S. pyogenes </i>A.
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| 2. |
- Anniko, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-Bungarotoxin Inhibits Outer Hair Cell Motility in situ
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 57:2, s. 105-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of two substances (alpha-bungarotoxin, alpha-BGTX, a small protein, and the local anesthetic bupivacaine hydrochloride) with an assumed effect on outer hair cell (OHC) motility were analyzed after exposing the cochlea via the round window membrane. Electrophysiological measurements were performed with a very narrow frequency-specific gating (+/- 100 Hz) technique to determine auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, including ABR-based frequency tuning curves. Exposure to alpha-BGTX gave a minor improvement in thresholds, interpreted as a facilitation of OHCs, i.e. releasing their efferent inhibitory control, whereas exposure to bupivacaine hydrochloride impaired ABR thresholds, possibly due to immobilization of OHC motility via the lateral cell membrane. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that efferent influence on the cochlea may be linked with a modulation of the mechanical function of OHCs. We can now postulate that there is in vivo evidence that acetylcholine exerts its effect at the OHCs via an alpha-BGTX alpha-BGTX binding acetylcholine receptor.
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| 3. |
- Anniko, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Cytoskeletal basis for contractility of outer hair cells in the normal adult human organ of Corti : Comparisons with vestibular hair cells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 57:2, s. 61-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study is the first consecutive analysis of the adult normal human organ of Corti and vestibular hair cells with regard to the expression of F-actin, actin-associated proteins (alpha-actinin, alpha- and beta-spectrins, vinculin and tropomyosin), beta-tubulin and the calcium-binding protein synaptophysin. The expression of these cytoskeletal and their associated proteins in man is largely similar to, although not identical with, that previously described for several other mammalian species. However, a few very unusual staining patterns were found. In several long outer hair cells a rod of F-actin extended from the infracuticular area to the cell nucleus. Fluorescence for tropomyosin occurred both in the cuticular plates of the outer and inner hair cells, and in the area of close apposition between the base of the outer hair cell and the apical part of Deiter's cell. In contrast, the vestibular hair cells showed immunoreactivity for tropomyosin only in the cuticular plates.
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| 4. |
- Anniko, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronic acid as a molecular filter and friction reducing lubricant in the human inner ear
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 57:2, s. 82-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunofluorescence for hyaluronic acid occurred intracellularly in morphologically highly specialized areas in the adult human inner ear, for instance in the cuticular plates of all types of hair cells, at the apposition between outer hair cells and Deiter's cell bodies and in the near-surface area of Hensen's cells. The cytoskeletal organization in these regions is characterized by tightly packed filamentous proteins. Under physiological stimulus these regions undergo micromechanical change, either actively moving (force generation) or passively vibrating with changes in elasticity. Hyaluronic acid might therefore act as a friction-reducing molecular lubricant. In the lateral wall of the cochlea an accumulation of hyaluronic acid occurred in the loose connective tissue of the spiral ligament, in particular close to the stria vascularis. Due to its complex molecular network, hyaluronic acid offers considerable resistance to bulk flow of water and may exclude molecules. The basal cell region of the stria vascularis is thus given additional support to minimize (seal?) the stria vascularis towards all other areas except the endolymphatic space. Here, hyaluronic acid could act as a molecular filter.
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| 5. |
- Anniko, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Microtubule-associated proteins in adult human sensory organs
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 57:2, s. 78-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of microtubule-associated proteins MAP-1 and MAP-2 was analysed with immunomorphological techniques in the serially sectioned adult human membranous labyrinth. In the organ of Corti, monoclonal antibodies to MAP-1 did not stain. Positivity for MAP-2 occurred in the entire outer hair cell cytoplasm, in the inner hair cells (?), in the nerve fibres and in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the spiral prominence. In addition, staining for MAP-2 was identified in many (but not all) cells or Reissner's membrane. Immunofluorescence for MAP-1 occurred in the supporting cells of the cristae and maculae interpreted to be localized in the apical region adjacent to the sensory cells. Thus, the distribution of MAP-1 and MAP-2 in the adult human membranous labyrinth was the same as described for several animal species with regard to the cochlea. In contrast to such a pattern, both MAP-1 and MAP-2 were identified in the human vestibular organs, thus identifying a subpopulation of centrally located nerve calyces and possibly also the apical portion of vestibular hair cells.
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| 6. |
- Anniko, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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The human spiral ganglion
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 57:2, s. 68-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adult normal human spiral ganglion (SG) was analyzed with regard to ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. The cytoskeleton of the SG cells was found to comprise F-actin, intermediate filaments (IFs) and microtubules (MTs). The IF subgroups (cytokeratins, Cks; neurofilaments, NFs, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic proteins, GFAP; desmin) displayed characteristic staining patterns. Ck No. 8 was found in all SG cells, whereas vimentin was lacking. GFAP stained only a small subpopulation of SG cells (type 2?). The light (68 kD) and medium-sized chains of NFs occurred in all SG cells and axons, whereas the 200-kD NF subunit was only found in the axonal hillock of (type 2?) SG cells, but in no other part of the cytoplasm, and regionally in nerve fibres. MAP-1 and MAP-2 occurred in all SG cells but only MAP-1 was found in the nerve fibres. The calcium-binding protein synaptophysin (SY) was expressed only in SG cells, in contrast to the S-100 which occurred more generally in the labyrinth. The neuropeptides VIP and substance P were identified in all SG cells, in contrast to NPY which was expressed in a small subpopulation of SG cell (type 2?). Staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) identified most (type 1?) but not all SG cells. The cell surface glycoprotein Thy-1 was expressed in SG cells in a way similar to that described for neurons in the CNS. The SG cells express a high degree of cytoskeletal complexity, allowing one to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 cells. The cell bodies and their adjacent nerve fibres show characteristic features of calcium-binding proteins, surface membrane glycoproteins, NSE and neuropeptides but the basic pattern is still similar to neurons in the CNS.
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| 7. |
- Attner, P, et al.
(författare)
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A 4-year consecutive study of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage
- 2009
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Ingår i: ORL. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0275 .- 0301-1569. ; 71:5, s. 273-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objective:</i> To analyse consecutive material over a period of 4 years concerning the incidence and consequences of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhages (PTH). <i>Design:</i> Prospective study. <i>Setting:</i> University hospital. <i>Participants:</i> All non-oncological cases of tonsillectomy (TE) and adenotonsillectomy (TA) performed at the ENT department at the Karolinska University Hospital between March 2000 and April 2004. <i>Main Outcome Measures:</i> Rate, timing and classification of PTH. <i>Results:</i> During the study period, 2,813 cases (mean age 13 ± 12.8 years; SD) of TE and TA were included. The majority (62%) were children aged below 12 years, and 69% were performed as day surgery. In total, 212 (7.5%) patients were readmitted due to PTH, of which 98 (3.4%) presented with ongoing haemorrhage. The rates of primary and secondary bleeding were 1.9 and 5.5%, respectively. The PTH occurred in 0–19 days post-operatively, in a typical twin peak mode around the day of surgery and then days 4–7. No case of serious PTH was noted. Multiple bleedings (2–3 times) occurred in 19 patients. Only a minority (31%) of the single PTH patients required active treatment, surgery in the theatre (35 patients) or diathermy under local anaesthesia in the emergency room (24 patients). However, almost all received systemic haemostatic treatment. Three patients required blood transfusion due to repeated PTH. Of the 114 patients that did not present with an active PTH, only 1 returned to the operating theatre due to later bleeding. Almost half (43%) of the patients with multiple episodes of PTH had also experienced primary bleedings. <i>Conclusions:</i> A primary PTH seems to indicate a risk of further episodes of bleedings, and should necessitate extra post-operative observation. Patients with a history of a single self-limiting PTH showed low risk of developing a haemorrhage requiring return to the theatre.
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| 8. |
- Berube, S, et al.
(författare)
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Olfactory Training Impacts Olfactory Dysfunction Induced by COVID-19: A Pilot Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: ORL. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0275 .- 0301-1569. ; 85:2, s. 57-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Olfactory dysfunction is one of the main symptoms of COVID-19 and may last beyond resolution of the infection. The most promising intervention for post-viral olfactory dysfunction is olfactory training (OT), which involves exposing the olfactory system to a range of odors daily. This approach is thought of promoting the regeneration of olfactory receptor cells, but its effectiveness in patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction has yet to be confirmed. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This double-blind randomized pilot study compared the effectiveness of OT versus placebo in the treatment of post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Twenty-five participants were recruited in each group. OT protocol consisted of sniffing 4 scents (rose, orange, clove, and eucalyptus) for 5 min twice daily for 12 weeks. Olfactory function was assessed before and after the training using (1) a validated odor identification test (UPSIT-40) and (2) a 10-point visual analog scale; we further assessed the presence of (3) parosmia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> While we did not observe any effect of OT on olfactory test scores, we observed a significant improvement of subjective olfactory function in the intervention group, while no such effect was observed in the placebo group. Finally, the frequency of parosmia was significantly lower in the intervention group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study highlights an increase in subjective but not objective olfactory function when performing OT for 12 weeks. Further, parosmia seems to be positively affected by OT. These results may serve as a starting point for larger scale studies to assess the efficacy of OT for treatment of post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
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| 9. |
- Brantberg, K., et al.
(författare)
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Gentamicin treatment in peripheral vestibular disorders other than Ménière's disease
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 58:5, s. 277-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intratympanic instillation of gentamicin may not exclusively be a treatment for Ménière's disease. We present case reports of successful vertigo control in peripheral vestibular disorders other than Ménère's disease. Cases 1 and 2 illustrate treatment of vertigo attacks caused by vestibular dysfunction in deaf ears. Case 3 illustrates treatment of brief sensations of linear acceleration in a patient who had suffered idiopathic sudden hearing loss a few years earlier. Case 4 illustrates treatment of disabling benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo. Case 5 illustrates treatment of severe and frequent attacks of vertigo in an elderly patient with a medium-sized acoustic neuroma who did not want surgical extirpation of the tumor.
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| 10. |
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