| 1. |
- Blomberg, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
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Short-run demand and supply elasticities in the West European market for secondary aluminium
- 2000
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Ingår i: Resources policy. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; 26:1, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the principal user of old scrap, secondary Al smelters and refiners have traditionally played a key role in the recycling of Al, producing primarily cast material demanded primarily by the automobile industry. The purpose of the paper is to explore the supply-demand relationships in the market for secondary Al alloys. Based on a standard microeconomic model, where the determinants of supply and demand are identified, an econometric model, using data from Germany, France, Italy and the UK for the time period 1983-1997, is estimated. The model is used to assess the relative importance of the factors determining the supply and demand of the European secondary Al industry. The results show that both the supply and the derived demand for secondary Al is own-price inelastic, which is reasonable given the short-run framework. On the demand side, the level of auto production is found to have a substantial impact on the level of secondary Al alloy demand. It is concluded that the model describes the market reasonably well. The inelastic supply in combination with the sensitivity to changes in the level of auto production provides a tentative explanation of the observed volatility in secondary Al prices. Furthermore, the inelastic supply responses indicate that policies aimed at increasing recycling using price-based incentives will be inefficient.
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| 2. |
- Hellmer, Stefan
(författare)
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The role of product differentiation in the iron ore industry : the case of LKAB
- 1996
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Ingår i: Resources policy. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; 22:1-2, s. 49-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis shows how the Swedish iron ore producer, LKAB, in spite of mining its ore underground in an arctic climate at relatively high costs, has remained internationally competitive thanks to its large-scale operation with high grade magnetite ore, pelletization and relatively short distance to both its shipping harbour and its international markets. LKAB starts at a relatively high level on the supply curve with respect to mining costs, but as the analysis continues to describe, LKAB moves gradually downwards on the supply curve on delivered pellet costs. The analysis clearly shows that LKAB has successfully managed to find its comparative advantage and that its competitive strength is sustainable, primarily thanks to its rich deposits of magnetite ore.
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| 3. |
- Hellmer, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of costs - the case of iron ore in Russia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Resources policy. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; :3, s. 145-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 1990s prices have come to play an increasingly important role in Russia, and the overall question posed in the paper is in what way this will alter the production decisions in Russia. The focus is especially on the natural resources sector since these industries are located throughout most of Russia. The purpose of the study is to assess the magnitude of the expected changes in the area of iron ore production in Russia. This is an interesting case since iron ore production has increased almost everywhere in the world, but the problems in Russia have led to a decrease in the Russian production of iron ore. To assess the expected changes, the authors used a linear programming model and minimized the total costs of producing iron ore in Russia.
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| 4. |
- Lundgren, Nils-Gustav
(författare)
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Bulk trade and maritime transport costs : the evolution of global markets
- 1996
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Ingår i: Resources policy. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; 22:1-2, s. 5-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1950s a transport revolution has occurred comparable to events in the late nineteenth century when sailing ships was replaced by steam vessels. Freight rates for bulk products have decreased 65-70% due to improved maritime technology. Formerly separate markets for bulk products have been unified globally. A conclusion is that the low freight rates since the early 1980s will level out in a future perspective. Price peaks caused by political and military crises like the Korean war, the Suez crisis, OPEC I and OPEC II also seem to be of diminishing importance over time. The world market has become much less sensitive to external shocks due to many alternative sources of supply and many alternative routes for transport.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Radetzki, Marian
(författare)
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A scrutiny of the motives for hard coal subsidies in Western Europe
- 1995
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Ingår i: Resources policy. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; 21:2, s. 99-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security of energy supply, and employment considerations are frequently said to provide major justifications for the colossal subsidies to West European coal production. This paper scrutinizes the validity of the two motives. The production cut following from subsidy elimination would result in a very small change of West European energy self-sufficiency, with doubtful repercussions on supply security. The impact on the region's employment would be barely perceptible. Germany stands out as the country that would be most heavily affected by coal subsidy elimination. Even in Germany, however, the public support expended on coal could be put to much more efficient alternative use for the promotion of energy supply security and employment creation. It is concluded that the two motives for coal support lack validity.
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