| 1. |
- Ahrén-Moonga, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in severely ill patients with eating disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 63:1, s. 8-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The underlying pathophysiology of eating disorders (ED) is dependent on complex interactions between psychological, biological and social factors. The purpose of the present study was to examine a possible increase in cytokines indicating inflammation, as measured by tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ED patients, and to explore possible relationships between cytokines and self-reported personality traits. Methods: Female patients with severe ED (n = 26) were recruited consecutively from an inpatient clinic and were compared to age-matched healthy females (n = 12). Commercial ELISA tests developed for the measurement of serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were employed. Personality traits were measured using Karolinska Scales of Personality. Results: The patient group displayed increased levels of the cytokine TNF-α and a tendency towards increased IL-6 levels. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to examine possible relationships between levels of cytokines and personality traits. The results showed that IL-6 levels were positively related to both somatic and psychic anxiety and to aggression scales, such as irritability and suspicion. Increased levels of TNF-α, in turn, were significantly correlated with high scores on the depression-related anxiety scale Inhibition of Aggression. However, increased levels of cytokines in the ED group did not seem to be mainly associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusion: We cannot rule out the possibility that comorbid conditions in the group contribute to the higher cytokine values. Further studies need to explore the possible influence of cytokines on the severity of ED and whether this might be mediated or moderated by specific personality traits.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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[3H]GBR-12935 binding to dopamine uptake sites in rat striatum.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 23:4, s. 177-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to rat striatum was studied. Competition by mazindol and dopamine against [3H]GBR-12935 binding revealed monophasic binding curves. The addition of 100 microM dopamine to the mazindol competition inhibited only 80% of the binding, indicating more than one [3H]GBR-12935 binding site in rat striatum. When a binding fraction that could be discriminated by 1 microM mazindol or 1 mM dopamine was defined as specific binding, a single site binding model was obtained. The [3H]GBR-12935 binding was of protein nature, since it was abolished after protease treatment. Drug inhibition studies with the addition of low concentrations of mazindol and dopamine resulted in alterations in apparent Kd values only, suggesting competitive inhibition by these compounds against [3H]GBR-12935 binding. It is concluded that the [3H]GBR-12935 binding to rat striatum discriminated by 1 microM mazindol reflects binding to the substrate recognition site for the dopamine uptake.
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| 3. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Caudate nucleus dopamine D(2) receptors in depressed suicide victims.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 44:2, s. 70-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several lines of evidence indicate the involvement of the dopamine system in depressive states. In this post-mortem study, the binding of [(3)H]raclopride to dopamine D(2) receptors in the caudate nucleus was investigated in 13 depressed suicide victims and 19 controls. There were no differences in B(max) or K(d) between the two groups. A subgroup consisting of individuals with major depression, however, had significantly higher K(d) values than controls. Previous findings regarding changes in dopamine metabolism in depression and antidepressant effects of dopamine agonists seem, according to the present study, not to be reflected by alterations in density or affinity of dopamine D(2) receptors in depressed suicide victims.
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| 4. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin, Anxiety Symptoms, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity among Drug-Free, Female Suicide Attempters
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 78:3, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of leptin secretion and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be involved in the pathophysiology of suicide. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown interactions between the HPA axis and leptin. There is also evidence for a negative relationship between leptin and anxiety in humans. However, these possible associations have not been studied in individuals with attempted suicide.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between leptin, HPA axis activity, and anxiety in individuals with a recent suicide attempt.METHOD: Sixty-nine individuals with a recent suicide attempt (n = 37 females; n = 32 males) were recruited and subjected to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), lumbar puncture, and evaluation with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale from which the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA) was derived. Leptin was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cortisol in serum. Leptin was corrected for body mass index (BMI) by dividing CSF-leptin by BMI (CSF-leptin/BMI). Due to gender-related differences in leptin secretion and HPA axis activity, calculations were made for males and females separately.RESULTS: Significant differences were only found among females; CSF-leptin/BMI levels correlated significantly and negatively with BSA (p < 0.05), pre-DST cortisol, and post-DST serum cortisol at 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CSF-leptin/BMI was significantly lower in nonsuppressors of dexamethasone as compared to suppressors (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in females with a recent suicide attempt, low CSF leptin may be related to symptoms of anxiety and a hyperactive HPA axis.
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| 5. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Psychopathology in Attempted Suicide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 73:4, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Increasing evidence suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and suicidal behaviour (SB). Furthermore, decreased peripheral BDNF levels have been associated with clinical symptoms in various psychiatric disorders as well as with personality dimensions in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between BDNF and psychopathology is poorly investigated regarding SB. Methods: Plasma BDNF concentrations were analysed in 61 recent suicide attempters. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Personality dimensions were assessed using the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale. Results: Plasma BDNF correlated positively and significantly with the personality dimension Solidity but not with the other personality dimensions or with clinical symptoms. Conclusion: BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in humans. Our results indicate that lower BDNF concentrations are associated with higher levels of impulsiveness and changeability (low scores on the Solidity scale). Furthermore, low plasma BDNF levels may be proposed as a trait marker rather than a state marker for attempted suicide. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 6. |
- Bryn, V., et al.
(författare)
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Kynurenine Pathway in Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 76:2, s. 82-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing evidence that altered immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), together with dysfunction of the serotonergic and glutamatergic systems. Since the kynurenine (KYN) pathway that degrades tryptophan (TRP) is activated in various neuroinflammatory states, we aimed to determine whether this pathway is activated in ASD. Methods: Sixty-five pediatric ASD patients (including 52 boys) were enrolled from an epidemiological survey covering 2 counties in Norway; 30 (46.5%) of these patients were diagnosed with childhood autism, 16 (24.6%) with Asperger syndrome, 12 (18.5%) with atypical autism, 1 (1.5%) with Rett syndrome, and 6 (9.2%) with other ASD. The serum levels of the following markers were measured in the children with ASD and compared to those in 30 healthy children: TRP, KYN, kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine, and quinolinic acid. Results: The mean serum level of KA was significantly lower in the ASD group than in the healthy controls (28.97 vs. 34.44 nM, p = 0.040), while the KYN/KA ratio was significantly higher in the ASD group (61.12 vs. 50.39, p = 0.006). The same relative values were found when comparing the childhood autism subgroup with the controls. Also, the mean serum level of TRP was significantly lower in children with a subdiagnosis of childhood autism than in those with Asperger syndrome (67.26 vs. 77.79 mu m, p = 0.020). Conclusion: Our study indicates that there is an increased neurotoxic potential and also a possible lower KYN aminotransferase activity in ASD. (C) 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 7. |
- Börjesson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Linopirdine (DUP 996) : cholinergic treatment of older adults using successive and non-successive tests.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 40:2, s. 78-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine whether cholinergic treatment of age-associated memory impairment with Linopirdine (DUP 996), a derivate of phenylindoline, affects explicit memory, implicit memory, and primary memory. We also assessed cognitive decision making in a reaction time test. Explicit memory was assessed by face recognition, word recall and a word recognition test, being part of a successive test paradigm. Implicit memory was assessed by primed word fragment completion in the same successive test paradigm. Primary memory was studied by means of digit recall. Thirty-eight elderly subjects fulfilled the criteria for memory impairment. Four groups of subjects were given 10, 20 or 30 mg of DUP 996 or placebo during 4 weeks. A double-blind procedure was applied. No significant treatment effects for recognition memory and priming were obtained in the successive test paradigm. Analysis of dependence/independence between tests did not show any clear pattern of treatment effects. The other explicit memory tests and the reaction time test showed no effect with DUP 996. Because of the range of the different tests used here, the result and the general evidence in other investigations of the cholinergic depletion among aged people, the conclusion is that DUP 996 does not improve memory performance either in explicit, implicit or primary tests.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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CSF monoamine metabolites in relation to the diagnostic interview for borderline patients (DIB)
- 1998
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 38:4, s. 207-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and their ratios were studied in relation to the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline patients (DIB) evaluated retrospectively from hospital records for a sample of 202 patients participating in psychobiological programs on mood disorders. No correlations with the total DIB score were significant. Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) defined by a total DIB score of at least 7 or 6, respectively, did not differ significantly from non-BPD regarding the metabolites. However, for section II (impulse action pattern) of the DIB, those with an intermediate value of the section score had significantly higher levels of 5-HIAA and HVA, suggesting that such higher than normal concentrations may be protective against impulsive or suicidal behavior generated by an underlying psychiatric morbidity due to other risk factors.
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| 10. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between the tryptophan hydroxylase gene and the serotonin transporter gene in schizophrenia but not in bipolar or unipolar affective disorders.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 51:1, s. 3-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing focus is being given to identify possible combinations of genes related to specific clinical phenotypes. In our sample of 814 patients comprising 114 with schizophrenia, 416 with bipolar affective disorder and 284 with unipolar affective disorder, we studied interactions between the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), and the dopamine receptor (DRD4) genes in relation to five major psychiatric symptomatology scores. There was significant interaction between the TPH and the 5-HTTLPR genes. With an increasing number of short (s) alleles of 5-HTTLPR, the scores for delusions, disorganization and negative symptoms were significantly decreasing among subjects having the TPH genotype AA but increasing among subjects having the TPH genotype AC, yielding the highest scores for the combinations AA x ll and AC x ss. Since high scores on just delusions, disorganization and negative symptoms but low scores on excitement and depression were found among subjects with schizophrenia, we conducted comparisons among the three diagnostic categories and controls as regards the combined TPH x 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution. Schizophrenia subjects had a significantly different distribution of the genotype combination for TPH x 5-HTTLPR as compared to 241 controls or to unipolar or bipolar subjects, and had significantly higher frequencies of AA x ll and of AC x ss. Thus, an interaction between TPH and 5-HTTLPR genes constitutes susceptibility to schizophrenia, thereby yielding apparent relationships between the major psychiatric symptomatology scores and genotype combinations in samples that are obtained by pooling schizophrenia with other diagnostic categories.
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