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- Fridell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Antisocial personality disorder as a predictor of criminal behaviour in a longitudinal study of a cohort of abusers of several classes of drugs: Relation to type of substance and type of crime.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4603. ; 33, s. 799-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed findings have been made with regard to the long-term predictive validity of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) on criminal behaviour in samples of substance abusers. A longitudinal record-linkage study of a cohort of 1052 drug abusers admitted 1977-1995 was undertaken. Subjects were recruited from a detoxification and short-term rehabilitation unit in Lund, Sweden, and followed through criminal justice registers from their first treatment episode to death or to the year 2004. In a ML multinomial random effects regression, subjects diagnosed with antisocial personality disorders were 2.16 times more likely to be charged with theft only (p<0.001), and 2.44 times more likely to be charged committing multiple types of crime during an observation year (p<0.001). The findings of the current study support the predictive validity of the DSM-III-R diagnosis of ASPD. ASPD should be taken seriously in drug abusers, and be targeted in treatment to prevent crime in society.
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| 2. |
- Fridell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric severity and mortality in substance abusers - A 15-year follow-up of drug users
- 2006
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4603. ; 31:4, s. 559-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that most transitions into abstinence happens in the stages of the drug career quickly after the first treatment episode. Mortality is somewhat reduced for patients who become abstinent, but remains high for patients who remain addicted. However, even among substance abusers who become abstinent, mortality is often higher than in the general population. A consecutive sample of drug users admitted for detoxification was followed for 15 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at 5-year follow-up. At 15-year follow-up, 24% were dead. Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to predict mortality for continuous variables, and Gehan's Wilcoxon test was used to predict mortality for dichotomous variables. Psychiatric status at 5-year follow-up was predictive of 15-year mortality, whereas abstinence was not. Subjects who later died had higher scores on the Symptom Checklist 90 [SCL-90] Global Severity Index, lower meaningfulness on the Sense of Coherence scale, and lower Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF] scores at 5-year follow-up. By contrast, there were no associations between baseline drug use and antisocial personality disorder diagnoses and mortality. Psychiatric treatment, including psychotherapy, may be more life-saving for substance abusers than drug-abuse services. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Bendtsen, Preben, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Sociodemographic gender differences in patients attending a community-based alcohol treatment centre
- 2002
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviours. - 0306-4603 .- 1873-6327. ; 27:1, s. 21-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study included all individuals attending a community-based treatment centre during a 4-year period. Patients were referred to the treatment centre from the primary health care (17%), social insurance office (8%), social workers (19%), employers (7%), prisons and probation administration (3%), on their own initiative (25%), and by other means (21%). The participants, 355 men and 164 women, all between 18 and 64 years of age, were compared with the total population in the municipality with regards to gender differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Adult life circumstances such as legal problems, broken relationships, unemployment and lower social class, in both men and women, were clearly associated with an alcohol dependence or at least of seeking help for this problem. The study also emphasises important social consequences of alcohol dependence in women, such as legal problems and drunk driving, normally associated with male alcohol dependence. The study revealed that living with an abusing partner was associated with a higher frequency of alcohol dependence in women. The findings are important issues to address when offering treatment to women with alcohol dependence. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Magneberg, Rutger
(författare)
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The effect of electronic surveillance on alcohol misuse and everyday behavior
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors. - 1873-6327 .- 0306-4603. ; 23:3, s. 281-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study of the everyday behavior of alcohol misusers is part of a series of studies using a special technique for conveniently reaching the participants at any time, anywhere in order to sample their everyday behavior. One purpose of the study was to help a group of heavy drinkers to reduce or cease drinking. Another purpose was to study how alcohol misusers differ from matched nondrinking people and to obtain a psychological profile of them before and during their attempts to control their drinking. The belief was that an experimental design with a moral contract and electronic surveillance would facilitate drinkers' attempts to control their alcohol consumption. The results in terms of reduced and terminated drinking were very satisfactory, and the method of random action sampling made detailed and explorative analyses possible. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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