| 1. |
- Bärring, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Wind erosion on arable land in Scania, Sweden and the relation to the wind climate - a review
- 2003
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Ingår i: Catena. - 0341-8162. ; 52:3-4, s. 173-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses variations in the wind climate in relation to changes in the impact of wind erosion on agricultural lands with Scania, the southernmost province of Sweden, as an example. The literature concerning wind erosion in the region is reviewed and the conclusions are linked to recent analyses of the regional wind climate. Presently, wind erosion occasionally induces problems in light soil areas of the intensively cultivated Scania. It is not a new phenomenon that results from modem farming practice; it was documented already in the 18th century. This was an era of major land use changes because the increasing population required new and more vulnerable areas to be cultivated, which resulted in an ecological crisis due to increased wind erosion. Partly overlapping in time, a series of land amalgamation reforms transformed the land-use resulting in larger fields. Analyses of the frequency of wind directions indicate that variations in the large-scale wind climate occurred at that time. Wind erosion again became a topic of concern in the 20th century. Extensive analyses of several aspects of the wind climate (e.g., storminess and cyclone intensity) of Scandinavia and northwestern Europe show that there have been interdecadal variations but no sign of an overall long-term trend. The recurring periods of intensified wind erosion problems can best be explained as the combined result of a varying wind climate and the lack of appropriate long-term maintenance strategies for protective measures through the intervening periods of benign wind climate. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Hamed Abd El Mageed, Yasser, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between rainfall simulator erosion and observed reservoir sedimentation in an erosion-sensitive semiarid catchment
- 2002
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Ingår i: Catena. - 0341-8162. ; 50:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating catchment scale soil loss based on rainfall simulators is often hampered by the difficulty to scale up simulator results. Our objective was to develop and test a method for estimating catchment scale soil loss based on observed rainfall using a variable intensity rainfall simulator in an erosion-sensitive catchment in semiarid Tunisia. A 7-year period, 1992-1999, with observed sedimentation amounts in a downstream reservoir was chosen to test a methodology. The methodology was based on (1) energy adjustment for the used simulator due to the difference in kinetic energy of simulated and natural rainfall at equal intensities and (2) upscaling of simulated erosion in which rill erosion was estimated by adjusting the difference between slope lengths for the plots versus the catchment after onset of runoff. The comparison between calculated soil loss from rainfall simulator experiments and observed sedimentation in the downstream reservoir displayed good overall results. Calculated soil loss was found to be about 96%, 36%, and 80% for different observed subperiods, respectively. The observed low value for the second period was probably due an exceptionally intense rainfall event during this period, which appears to have led to gully erosion, soil slide, and riverbank collapse. Therefore, during this event, siltation in the reservoir may essentially be due to unaccounted erosion processes such as gully erosion. Overall, however, it appears that plot-scale variable intensity rainfall simulators can rather successfully estimate catchment scale soil losses. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas, et al.
(författare)
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Landslide susceptibility hazard map in southwest Sweden using artificial neural network
- 2019
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Ingår i: Catena (Cremlingen. Print). - : ELSEVIER. - 0341-8162 .- 1872-6887. ; 183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landslides as major geo-hazards in Sweden adversely impact on nearby environments and socio-economics. In this paper, a landslide susceptibility map using a proposed subdivision approach for a large area in southwest Sweden has been produced. The map has been generated by means of an artificial neural network (ANN) model developed using fourteen causative factors extracted from topographic and geomorphologic, geological, land use, hydrology and hydrogeology characteristics. The landslide inventory map includes 242 events identified from different validated resources and interpreted aerial photographs. The weights of the causative factors employed were analyzed and verified using accepted mathematical criteria, sensitivity analysis, previous studies, and actual landslides. The high accuracy achieved using the ANN model demonstrates a consistent criterion for future landslide susceptibility zonation. Comparisons with earlier susceptibility assessments in the area show the model to be a cost-effective and potentially vital tool for urban planners in developing cities and municipalities.
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| 4. |
- An, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal changes on soil conservation services in large basins across the world
- 2022
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Ingår i: Catena (Cremlingen. Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0341-8162 .- 1872-6887. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil erosion is one of the main drivers of land degradation across the world, thus soil conservation service has received increasing attention. Limited studies have focused on it, hence this study investigates spatial and temporal patterns on soil conservation service in four large representative basins globally (i.e., Amazon, Mississippi, Yangtze, and Yellow River Basins), between 2001 and 2018. Annual soil conservation service and soil erosion rate are estimated under RUSLE framework, and temporal trends are analyzed using Mann-Kendall test. Additionally, impacts of soil erosion factors on spatial distribution of soil conservation service are assessed through fitting stepwise regressions annually and calculating the factors' contributions. Furthermore, driving factors of temporal changes are identified as climate or land cover dominated, and combined effect of both, according to Z scores from Mann-Kendall test for soil conservation service, R and C factors. Results show the Yangtze River Basin produces the highest average annual erosion rate (mean values of 133.28 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2001 and 143.21 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2018) and average soil conservation service (mean values of 2663.57 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2001 and 3126.43 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2018). Amazon River Basin yields the lowest average annual soil erosion rate (15.96 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2001 and 21.30 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2018), whereas the Mississippi River Basin produces the lowest average soil conservation service (388.48 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2001 and 730.70 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2018). Over the study period, soil conservation service shows an increasing trend in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins, with average changing rates of 27.23 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) and 16.60 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. Increasing soil conservation service is mainly driven by climate change (i.e., rainfall) and the combined effect of climate and land cover changes, but terrain conditions are the main spatial drivers.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon capture efficiency, yield, nutrient uptake and trafficability of different grass species on a cultivated peat soil
- 2019
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Ingår i: CATENA. - : Elsevier BV. - 0341-8162. ; 173, s. 175-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of organic matter from cultivated peat soils is a threat to farmers, due to the surface subsidence associated with organic matter loss, and to the atmosphere, due to CO2 and N2O emissions from the soil. In a three-year field experiment (2015-2017) on a drained, cultivated fen peat in southern Sweden, we tested whether reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) perform better on peat soils than the commonly grown timothy grass (Phleurn pratense L.), without increasing greenhouse gas emissions. In the experiment, we compared yield, nutrient uptake, penetration resistance and loss of organic matter measured as greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O and CH4). Yield of timothy was significantly lower than that of reed canary grass and tall fescue in 2016, and lower than that of reed canary grass in 2017. Yield level increased over time, with total dry matter yield in 2017 of 11.7 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) for timothy, 13.5 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) for tall fescue and 14.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) for reed canary grass. Total removal of all macronutrients in 2016 was higher in reed canary grass and tall fescue than in timothy. For nitrogen (N), reed canary grass removed a total of 173 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), tall fescue 169 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) and timothy 121 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), while the fertilisation rate was only 50 kg N ha(-1). There were no differences in trafficability, measured as penetration resistance. Measurements of greenhouse gas emissions in the snow-free season in 2016 and 2017 using manual dark chambers (CO2, N2O and CH4) and in 2016 automatic dark chambers (CO2) revealed only small differences in CO2 emissions between the treatments. The N2O emissions were also low and CH4 emissions were very low and in general negative. The estimated carbon capture efficiency (ratio of C in aboveground biomass plus roots to emitted CO2-C measured by the automatic chambers) for the growing season (May-October) in 2016 was lowest for timothy (0.61) and higher for reed canary grass and tall fescue (0.70 and 0.70, respectively). Reed canary grass and tall fescue are thus promising alternatives to timothy on peat soils regarding yield, nutrient removal and carbon capture efficiency.
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| 6. |
- Bhandari, Rajendra, et al.
(författare)
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Bulk carbon and lignin fingerprinting of catchment sediments transported by mountain rivers in Nepal Himalayas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Catena (Cremlingen. Print). - : Elsevier. - 0341-8162 .- 1872-6887. ; 216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Himalayan rivers yield the most significant flux of continental sediments into the ocean. Organic matter (OM) transported by these rivers provides a peek at the influence of diverse geological terrains, soil types, vegetation, and climate on carbon cycling within a narrow boundary. We analyzed suspended and bedload sediments from four Himalayan rivers to trace their sources, elucidate their fate during fluvial transport, and estimate the organic carbon (OC) flux. Hence, total OC (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), C:N ratios, and lignin phenols were measured. Consistent with the erosional intensity in the rivers, suspended sediment load input followed the order: Kaligandaki > Myagdikhola > Aadhikhola > Tinahukhola. C:N values in rivers from the Lesser Himalayas and Siwalik indicate sediments from mixed biogenic sources. In contrast, high TOC and C/N values in the trans-Himalaya rivers flowing through barren landscapes reflect the erosion of catchment sediments yielding petrogenic carbon. The suspended matter in rivers from the Lesser Himalayas and Siwalik has higher lignin phenol concentrations than the trans-Himalaya and Higher Himalaya rivers. The lignin phenol ratios indicate higher degradation in rivers from the trans and Higher Himalaya sections. This implies that only a small fraction of the terrestrial OM transported by these rivers deposits in the ocean sink. In contrast, rivers from the Lesser Himalayas and Siwaliks sequester a significant amount of OM bound to their bedload. As a result, these rivers transferred lower particulate OC (POC) but higher DOC than similar rivers worldwide. Rivers from Lesser Himalayas and Siwaliks transfer > 90 % of annual POC flux during monsoons. Finally, although Himalayan rivers transport less OC than other global rivers traversing densely vegetated landscapes, the sheer number of these rivers has significant implications on the fate and transport of total OC from catchments sediments.
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| 7. |
- Cannone, N., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of active layer seasonal dynamics and plant phenology on CO2 land-atmosphere fluxes at polygonal tundra in the High Arctic, Svalbard
- 2019
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Ingår i: Catena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0341-8162. ; 174, s. 142-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terrestrial Arctic ecosystems play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle, as they store a large amount of organic matter in permafrost. Among regions with continuous permafrost, Svalbard has one of the warmest permafrost and may provide a template of the environmental responses of Arctic regions to future climate change. We analyze the CO2 fluxes at a polygonal tundra site in Adventdalen (Svalbard) during one full growing season across a vegetation and environmental gradient to understand how the interaction of different abiotic (thaw depth, ground surface temperature (GST), soil moisture, photosynthetic active radiation - PAR) and biotic (leaf area index (LAI), and plant phenology) factors affect the CO2 fluxes and identify the drivers of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). Three distinct periods (early, peak, and late) characterized the growing season based on plant phenology and the main environmental conditions. Comparing early, peak and late season, both NEE and ER exhibited specific patterns: ER shown high values since the early season, only slightly increased at peak, and then decreased drastically in the late season, with GST being the most important driver of ER. The drivers of NEE changed during the season: thaw depth, PAR and GST during the early season, LAI at peak, and PAR during the late season. These data allow to highlight that the thawing and freezing of the upper part of the active layer during the early and late season controls ER, possibly due to the response of microbial respiration in the upper part of the soil. Especially during the late season, despite the fully developed active layer (reaching its highest thawing depth), the freezing of the uppermost 2 cm of soil induced the drastic decrease of the respiratory efflux. In addition, the seasonal C balance of our plots indicated a seasonal source at our plots, in apparent contrast with previous eddy covariance (EC) measurements from a wetter area nearby. This difference implies that drier ecosystems act as sources while wetter ecosystems are sinks, suggesting that a drying trend in polygonal tundra could switch these ecosystems from CO2 sinks to sources in a feedback to future climate change.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between precipitation and Be-10 and impacts on soil dynamics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Catena (Cremlingen. Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0341-8162 .- 1872-6887. ; 195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meteoric beryllium-10 (Be-10) is commonly used as a proxy of landscape dynamics (erosion and sedimentation rates) and soil development. Soil represents the first-stage reservoir of meteoric Be-10, and variability in the concentration of the isotope in soils may be affected by soil properties and atmospheric deposition. Although many investigations have targeted this issue, there are still problems in estimating the atmospheric input of the isotope in different soil environments. Here, we used Be-10 data measured in soils distributed across China to explore the potential influence of meteorological and pedological conditions on the isotope concentration and related applications. In addition, to determine the mechanisms controlling Be-10 concentrations in topsoil on a regional scale, the soil samples were sub-divided into 18 different catchments according to fluvial systems. The results indicated that there were significant negative correlations between precipitation and the soil Be-10 concentration in high-precipitation regions (> 1200 mm.y(-1)) and significant positive correlations for soils in low precipitation regions (< 1200 mm.y(-1)). The data also revealed that precipitation is the most important variable controlling the Be-10 concentration in soils of China when compared with the effects of soil properties such as grain size, mineralogy, pH, and cation exchange capacity. Land use and soil erosion may have limited impacts on the distribution of Be-10 in soils.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Tendency of soil erosion dynamics by coupling radioisotopes and RUSLE model on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau in response to climate warming and human activity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Catena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0341-8162. ; 223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil erosion has created landscape problems in many parts of the world and in particular in cold regions where the sensitive permafrost conditions have changed due to climate warming. Such a case occurred in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which has been strongly affected by global warming and human activities. Monitoring technologies, like remote sensing and field surveys were used to explore soil erosion rates in the TP, but they were limited by the resolution and meteorological disturbance factors or the spatial and time scales. Here, we present for the first time 210Pbex (excess lead-210) and 137Cs (caesium-137) data of soils from the southeastern TP (SETP) covering an area of 640,000 km2. In the permafrost-dominant areas, the results show mean soil-erosion rates in the last 56–100 years that were relatively higher (1891 t·km−2·a-1) based on 210Pbex than those based on 137Cs (1623 t·km−2·a-1). Modelling results from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) indicate relatively high mean soil erosion rates of 4363 and 4394 t·km−2·a-1 using a period covering the last 40 or 10 years respectively. Our data suggest accelerating erosion rates on the SETP that are linked to permafrost degradation, and glacier and snow melting due to accelerating global climate warming. The increase in ground surface temperature of ∼2 °C in the last four decades has further shifted the regional hydrology, affecting the degeneration of vegetation cover and a further increase in soil-erosion rates. However, our radionuclides data also expose low erosion rates in the seasonally frozen ground at some sampling sites which indicates the complex nature of erosion trends in cold regions that require careful adaptation of soil management.
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| 10. |
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