| 1. |
- Arzt, E., et al.
(författare)
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Practical applications of hotisostatic Pressing diagrams: Four case studies
- 1983
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Ingår i: Metallurgical Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - 0360-2133. ; 14:1, s. 211-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction of mechanism maps for hot-isostatic pressing is described. Maps are constructed for a number of materials of commercial and scientific interest: a tool steel, a superalloy, Al2O3, and ice. They allow the processes involved in hot-isostatic pressing to be examined, and suggest ways of picking optimum combinations of pressure, temperature, and time to give maximum density.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- LIU, ZI-KUI, et al.
(författare)
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AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL-STUDY OF CEMENTITE DISSOLUTION IN AN FE-CR-C ALLOY
- 1991
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Ingår i: MET TRANS A-PHYS MET MATER SC. - 0360-2133. ; 22:8, s. 1745-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissolution of cementite at 910-degrees-C in an Fe-2.06Cr-3.91C (at. pct) alloy is investigated experimentally. The Cr concentration profiles in austenite and cementite are measured by means of the scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry (STEM/EDS) technique at different dissolution times. The measurements show the Cr enrichment in the cementite during the dissolution process. The measurements suggest that the main part of the reaction for this alloy is controlled by Cr diffusion in the cementite or in the austenite matrix. This observation is in agreement with predictions of the local equilibrium hypothesis. The carbide fraction and average particle diameter are evaluated as functions of dissolution time. The Cr enrichment of the cementite results in a supersaturation and a possible decomposition of the cementite. Microstructural evidence for such a decomposition is found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A new program package called DICTRA,[11] which is suitable for the simulation of diffusional reactions in multicomponent alloys, has been applied to the present case. The simulation is compared with the experimental data, and a good agreement between the two is found.
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| 4. |
- Loberg, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Role of alloy composition on the stability of nitrides in Ti-microalloyed steels during weld thermal cycles
- 1984
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Ingår i: Metallurgical Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - 0360-2133. ; 15:1, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of cycling on titanium nitride stability in a range of normalized steels containing additions of V, Al, and N has been investigated. Nitride dispersions and chemical analysis of individual particles are studied using transmission electron microscopy and a quantitative 200 kV STEM-EDX-EELS microanalysis system. Whereas normalized material contains nitrides of mixed compositions, only nitrides based on TiN survive high energy simulated weld cycles. Grain growth is dependent on stability, and this depends on the original composition of the nitrides. The presence of aluminum is particularly detrimental. The best gain growth control and highest toughness are found in steels based on optimum ratios of Ti/V/N and on low Al levels
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