| 1. |
- Botha, Elise M., 1983-
(författare)
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A means to an end : Using political satire to go viral
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 40:2, s. 363-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rise of video sharing giants like Youtube and Google Video, coupled with increased broadband connectivity and improved sharing functionality across social networking sites, the role of the viral video has been cemented in many IMC strategies. While most agree about the importance of better understanding viral marketing, there is less agreement about what makes content become viral. While some content gets viewed by millions of people, others struggle to gain viral traction. Content specific, intrapersonal and interpersonal reasons have been proposed for viral marketing success. This paper' focuses on the intrapersonal reasons for content going viral in the context of political satire. More specifically, the role of emotion in the spread of content online, is investigated. Political satire focuses on gaining entertainment from politics. Satire, and specifically political satire, forms part of using humour in advertising and has been influential in shifting public opinion since ancient Greece. This study compares success and unsuccessful viral campaigns that used political satire, by first analysing the online comments that viewers made about the video. Following these findings, an experiment is conducted and the influence of intensity, creativity, humour and utility on virality is modelled, controlling for valence and previous exposure. The findings suggest that, when using political satire in viral campaigns, creativity and the intensity of the emotions felt are key influencing factors in whether videos get "shared" or "liked". Therefore, while many authors contend that particular emotions or positive content has a greater likelihood to become viral, this paper shows that it is not the particular emotion, but the intensity with which that emotion was felt that drives viral success.
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| 2. |
- Falasca, Kajsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Revolving around roles : Public affairs practitioners as democratic enablers or as hired guns
- 2021
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 47:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper offers insights into how public affairs practitioners perceive their often-debated role in the political process. By examining the specific group of public affairs practitioners called “revolvers”, i.e. individuals who move from a position in the political sphere to a position as a public affairs consultant or vice-versa, we engage in the on-going discussion concerning the legitimacy of public affairs in modern democracies. The empirical material consists of interviews with revolvers who as public affairs practitioners have experience of working in the Swedish political sphere, as well as the commercially driven public affairs industry. Consequently, the article contributes to our understanding of lobbying in the political process from the perspective of the controversial revolvers and gives us an important insight into how revolvers in Sweden argue and act in their efforts to create legitimacy for their role by attempting to fuse corporate and public interests. The perception which is predominant in this study, suggests that the revolvers regard themselves as a kind of corporatist influence in a democratic society rather than a special interest influencer. The revolvers appear to find common ground when defining the purpose and contribution of their occupation as advocates, but that different lines of arguments arise when practitioners displace and differentiate themselves from the tainted work connected to lobbying and advocacy tasks. Hence it is clear that there is tension between the professional role conception and role performance.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Catrin
(författare)
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Goffman's sociology : An inspiring resource for developing public relations theory
- 2007
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 33:3, s. 275-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces key concepts in Erving Goffman's sociology, which are advocated to be important to our understanding of social interaction and the study of interpersonal relationships with internal and external publics. The concepts of impression management, framing, footing and face have bearing upon essential notions in public relations: relationships, identification and image. Thus, it is predicted that development of these concepts in public relations research will deepen our understanding of communication processes that have important implications for the relation of publics in public relations.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Catrin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap for a communication maturity index for organizations—Theorizing, analyzing and developing communication value
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 45:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study employed a constitutive (CCO) communication approach to advance the dynamic concept of communication maturity for the purpose of theorizing, analyzing, and developing communication value on an organizational level. A literature review resulted in six theoretical areas related to communication maturity: understanding, function, organization, prerequisites, competence and practices including assessments of communication. These were analyzed in a qualitative comparative case study including 85 key stakeholders from eleven organizations. Findings illustrated the relevance of the theoretical areas to stakeholders’ perceptions of their respective organizations’ communication maturity. A first version of a Communication Maturity Index including four levels of maturity; immature, emerging, established, and mature is proposed. Based on the qualitative analysis, organizations’ communication maturity levels varied from emerging to mature. Findings of this study are limited to participating organizations and interviewed stakeholders. The CMI can be further developed in quantitative studies to investigate the constitutive role of communication in organizations and to be used in practice to develop higher levels of communication maturity.
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| 5. |
- Kiousis, Spiro, et al.
(författare)
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The White House and public relations: Examining the linkages between presidential communications and public opinion
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 36:1, s. 7-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the linkages between presidential public relations activities—speeches and press conferences—and public opinion towards the presidency from 1961 to 1997. The results show that there is a positive linkage between presidential news conferences and foreign policy job approval, and between presidential speeches and general as well as foreign policy job approval. Overall, the findings reveal stronger linkages between presidential news conferences and job approval than between presidential speeches and job approval, but also that the topic of the information subsidies and the specific type of job approval matters.
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| 6. |
- Norén, Fredrik, 1984-
(författare)
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H-Day 1967 : An alternative perspective on "propaganda" in the historiography of public relation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 45:2, s. 236-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an alternative perspective regarding the concept of “propaganda” in the historiography of public relations. Recent scholars of public relations have rightly criticized early attempts to write the field’s history as a linear progression, from propaganda to excellence. At the same time, however, these recent scholars have come to accept a linear conceptual change, and that “propaganda” became an impossible term in liberal democratic countries in the 1960s. By using the empirical case of the massive communication efforts initiated by the Swedish Commission on Right-Hand Traffic, which was assigned to implement right-hand traffic in 1967, this article shows that the concept of “propaganda” both occurred frequently and was used in a neutral sense. To deepen the understanding of this alternative perspective, the article both presents how the historical actors conceptualized their work, and describes how the communication work of the Commission was performed.
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| 7. |
- Pamment, James, 1977-
(författare)
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Articulating Influence: Toward a Research Agenda for Interpreting the Evaluation of Soft Power, Public Diplomacy and Nation Brands
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 40:1, s. 50-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the terms soft power, public diplomacy (PD) and nation brands have cemented their place in academic discourse during the early 21st century, the evaluation of these activities has not been given anywhere near the same level of attention. When describing how campaigns are evaluated, scholars tend to make assumptions based on the goals or outputs of an initiative rather than on the basis of reliable, empirical data on its results. Strong positivist tendencies within current scholarship usually lead to evaluation being considered in terms of methodology and best practice, typically with the assumption that certain preferred outcomes will be demonstrable if an ideal model is followed. Most significantly, such approaches seem to underplay the interests and objectives that inform and constrain choices surrounding modes of communication and evaluation. I argue here that PD activities are rarely the product of rational choices about communication options, and nor is PD evaluation the result of applying the "best" methodology. Rather, questions of PD and evaluation practices are bound together in complex organizational and power structures that generate pragmatic responses both to the "problem of influence" and the reporting of results. Through use of the concept of articulation, this article outlines a framework for interpreting evaluation practices from a contextualized perspective, which grasps how and why soft power practices assume certain forms.
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| 8. |
- Simons, Greg
(författare)
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Perception of Russia's soft power and influence in the Baltic States
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 41:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to explore and analyse the different means and mechanisms of influence employed by Russia on the three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). By influence, it means the attempt to try and get another country to behave in a manner that benefits the influencer's policy and/or interests. As such, this can entail exerting one of two forms of power, hard or soft (as defined by Nye, 2004) to bring about the compliance. The current paper restricts its focus to those mechanisms related to shaping opinion and perception, such as public diplomacy (in its various forms).To begin with the paper shall define the various concepts used – influence, power and public diplomacy. It shall then shift to the different Russian institutions that have been created to shape and manage influence, such as Russky Mir or Rossotrudnichestvo. Plus there are those other elements that exist in the region – Russian compatriots and Russian language media (both local and external to the Baltic States). Then the paper shall deal with relations between Russia and the Baltic States, with a focus upon recent history. Sources shall not be limited to academic literature and mass media resources, but will also include interviews for an ‘insider’ perspective on the issue. The responses shall be used to address the following question: How do people in the Baltic States perceive Russian soft power and influence?
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| 9. |
- Simons, Greg
(författare)
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Russian public diplomacy in the 21st century : Structure, means and message
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 40:3, s. 440-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have focussed upon Western countries, such as the United States and members of the European Union, and how they engage with foreign publics. There is also an increasing amount of attention being paid to non-Western countries. The debate on soft power, for instance, shows that the concept is perceived and applied in a manner that differs from Nye's vision. This present article seeks to examine and analyse how and why the Russian state engages foreign publics with different communicational means and methods. Relations and approaches are much more pragmatic in the current situation, ideology seems to have been discarded. The current foreign policy concept gives context to positioning Russia, which not only gives Russia a certain role, but one that is set in relation to other international actors. Although, not all countries are treated the same, a different approach based upon a different set of assumptions produces a different understanding as to what programmes and means are needed. This produces a difference in approach between Western countries and those countries on the territory of the Former Soviet Union. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Steyn, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The social media release as a public relations tool : intentions to use among B2B bloggers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111 .- 1873-4537. ; 36:1, s. 87-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Social Media Release (SMR) is emerging as a potentially powerful public relations tool in a world of social network media, particularly when targeted at influential bloggers. The research described here studies the factors that influence bloggers to use SMRs, using the Technology Acceptance Model as a theoretical framework, concentrating specifically on their perceptions of usefulness and ease of use.
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