| 1. |
- Alriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Fish feed from wood
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 48, s. 843-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased demand of fish in combination with overexploitation of the fish stocks of the oceans has led to an increased production of fish through aquaculture. Today, fishmeal is the main protein source in fish feed for most aquaculture species. However, fishmeal is soon expected to fall short of demand as its production is associated with environmental problems. This shortage must therefore be met by sustainable alternative protein sources. Protein-rich microorganisms (i.e. Single cell protein) is an interesting option as a fishmeal substitute in fish feed which, in addition, can be produced as an important co-product in wood-based biorefineries. In the current study, four different microorganisms were cultivated on five different residual streams from Swedish wood-based biorefineries. Screening experiments were carried out in shake flasks, optimization experiments in benchtop bioreactors, and scale-up experiments were performed in a 50-litre pilot bioreactor. In addition, a demo-scale experiment was carried out in the Swedish Biorefinery Demo Plant. Microbial biomass from the scale-up experiments was collected and used for production of different fish feed formulations which, in turn, were used in feeding trials of the freshwater fish Tilapia. Fishes fed with feed, in which part of the fishmeal had been substituted with Single cell protein, showed similar or better growth than fishes fed with a fishmeal-based control feed.
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| 2. |
- Belkheiri, Tallal, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Kraft Lignin Depolymerization in Near-Critical Water: Effect of Changing Co-Solvent
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 48:9-10, s. 813-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of developing a process to valorize lignin in a pulp mill with lignin separation, the depolymerisation of lignin to valuable chemicals was investigated in near-critical water. This was done by using methanol as co-solvent and hydrogen donor, phenol to suppress repolymerization (e.g. formation of char), and ZrO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst, with potassium carbonate as a co-catalyst. The reaction was carried out in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor (500 cm(3)), at 280-350 degrees C and 25MPa. An important aspect is to suppress char formation. Therefore, the char formation was studied by using different concentrations of methanol and phenol. The char yield varied between 14% and 26%. When using methanol as the only co-solvent, the char yield decreased with increasing methanol concentration. Adding phenol resulted in a further decrease. The reactor outlet consisted mainly of two liquid phases, an aqueous and an oil phase, mixed together. The chemical analysis of the aqueous phase showed the presence of mainly phenolic compounds, for instance guaiacol, catechol, phenol and cresol.
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| 3. |
- Bi, Ran, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and identification of microorganisms from soil able to ive on lignin as carbon source and produce enzymes that cleave beta-O-4mbond in lignin
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty one strains of micro organism from Scandinavian soil had been isolated that could utilize lignin as only carbon source and 11 strains of them were identified. Different types of technical lignins were used.5 faster growing strains were cultivated in shaking flask cultures with ligninosulfonate as sole carbon source,and lignin appeared to be consumed after several days while mycelia was observed accumulated.Cell free filtrates of the 5 faster growing strains could lower the apparent molecular weights of lignosulphonates and the culture filtrate of one strain could cleave the lignin model compound with.The significances of the results are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Bi, Ran, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and identification of microorganisms from soil able to live on lignin as a carbon source and to produce enzymes which cleave beta-O-4 bond in a lignin model compound
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 46:3-4, s. 227-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several strains of fungi were isolated and identified from Scandinavian soil using agar plates with lignin as a carbon source. The strains grew significantly faster on this medium than on control plates without lignin. Different types of technical lignins were used, some of which contained trace amounts of sugars, even if the increased growth rate seemed not related to the sugar content. Some strains were cultivated in shaking flask cultures with lignin as a carbon source, with lignin apparently consumed by microbes - while accumulation of the microorganism biomass occurred. The cell-free filtrates of these cultures could reduce the apparent molecular weights of lignosulphonates, while the culture filtrate of one strain could cleave the beta-O-4 bond in a lignin model compound.
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| 5. |
- Bi, Ran, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and identification of microorganisms from soil able to live on lignin as acarbon source and to produce enzymes which cleave the β-o-4 bond in a lignin model compound
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - : UBC. - 0576-9787. ; 46:3-4, s. 227-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several strains of fungi were isolated and identified from Scandinavian soil using agar plates with lignin as a carbon source. The strains grew significantly faster on this medium than on control plates without lignin. Different types of technical lignins were used, some of which contained trace amounts of sugars, even if the increased growth rate seemed not related to the sugar content. Some strains were cultivated in shaking flask cultures with lignin as a carbon source, with lignin apparently consumed by microbes - while accumulation of the microorganism biomass occurred. The cell-free filtrates of these cultures could reduce the apparent molecular weights of lignosulphonates, while the culture filtrate of one strain could cleave the beta-O-4 bond in a lignin model compound.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bi, Ran, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation of exceedingly low oxygen consuming fungal strains able to utilize lignin as carbon source
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - : Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. - 0576-9787. ; 50:7-8, s. 811-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin biodegradation is normally related to aerobic microorganisms, and it is often claimed that microbes do not metabolize lignin as a carbon source. In this work, several fungal strains were isolated from the sediment of a small stream located in a forest and tested on agar plates with lignin as the only carbon source. All identified strains were Ascomycetes, Penicillium spinulosum, Pseudeurotium bakeri and Galactomyces geotrichum. When cultivated in shaking flasks with lignosulphonate as a carbon source, the lignin was consumed, and cell free culture filtrates appeared to depolymerize lignosulphonate to some extent. It is suggested that the strains detected are part of a symbiotic community and live in a microbiological niche in which they are able to utilize lignin residues left from brown rot and humus having extremely low oxygen content.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Damlin, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Hardwood-Derived Carboxymethylcellulose by High pH Anion Chromatography Using Pulsed Amperometric Detection
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 44:1-3, s. 65-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An approach for the quantitative analysis of substituent distribution in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is presented. In short, the high-pH anion-exchange chromatography method, coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (PAD), is introduced. Each of the seven derivatives in CMC is presented by a single peak on the PAD trace, thus enabling an easy quantification. New inside information on monomer composition is obtained by this novel method, which is essential for understanding the structure versus property relationships in the CMC samples.
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| 10. |
- Danielsson, Sverker
(författare)
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Sorption and desorption of black liquor xylan onto cellulose fibers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 48:9-10, s. 819-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of xylan as a polymer in different new materials is large and not yet utilized. The availability in kraft pulp mills is large as the polymeric xylan dissolved in process liquors corresponds to up to 160 kg/adt and is today burnt to recover energy. A pre-requisite for using black liquor xylan in high-value products is to purify it from inorganic material and lignin in a technically effective and economical feasible way. This study combines two known properties of xylan: its affinity to cellulose and its solubility in alkali. The aim is to design an efficient separation process to produce black liquor xylan of high purity. A very pure xylan was reached with as low lignin contents as 1%. The hydroxide ion concentration was varied in the sorption step and it was found that an increase in hydroxide ion concentration resulted in a decreased amount of isolated xylan, decreased degree of substitution of uronic acids, but no effect on the lignin content and ash content was seen.
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